1. The metabolism of KBH-A40, a novel -lactam-based histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, was investigated in vitro using human liver microsomes and serum. After 60-min incubation in human liver microsomes with -nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) or uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA), the residual KBH-A40 was 90.6% AE 5.1% and 28.9% AE 2.0% (t 1/2 ¼ 26 min), respectively, suggesting that KBH-A40 is likely predominantly metabolized by glucuronidation, rather than by cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated oxidation. Consistently, KBH-A40 glucuronide was the only metabolite identified following incubations of KBH-A40 with human liver microsomes in the presence of both NADPH and UDPGA.2. KBH-A40 was not notably degraded when incubated with human serum for 60 min. In contrast, KBH-A40 was rapidly hydrolysed to its carboxylic acid form in rat serum (t 1/2 ¼ 13 min).3. Taken collectively, the results suggest that KBH-A40 is likely metabolized in man predominantly by glucuronidation of its hydroxamic acid moiety, with negligible biotransformation elsewhere in the molecule.