Synthesis, Mechanism, and Application of An Electro-Driven Chemomechanical System Using Polymer Gels

Osada, Yoshihito; Gong, Jianping; Sawahata, K.

doi:10.1080/00222339108054092

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Electro-diffusion, electro-osmotic transport of ionic species and water molecules caused the deformation of hydrogels under electric field. The bending of hydrogels has been studied mostly for production of artificial muscles (prepared from an acrylic acid/acrylamide, polypyrrole composite), valves, switches, soft actuators and chemomechanical valve based on poly (ethylene glycol-co-methacrylic acid) hydrogels response to pulses of an electric current [17][18][19][20][21]. The contractile/shrinking behaviour of hydrogels under electric field was mainly investigated for potential applications in controlled drug release [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically induced swelling and methylene blue release behaviour of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulphonic acid) hydrogels

Saikia¹,

Aggarwal

Mandal

2015

Colloid Polym Sci

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Hydrogels composed of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)/poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulphonic acid) exhibited electro-responsive behaviour. The swelling properties of hydrogels were influenced by the content of negatively charged ionic groups inside the network structure, cross-linking density, electric field intensity and electrolyte solution. The swelling ratio (SR) increased from 92.4 to 188.08, and normalized swelling ratio (NSR) increased from 2.88 to 3.62 depending on 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid (AMPS) concentration under electric field intensity 429 V/m. The swelling process of hydrogels in deionized water followed non-Fickian diffusion in the absence of electric field and Super Case II transport model in presence of electric field. The methylene blue (MB) was used as a model drug, and the influence of various factors like loading percent of MB, AMPS concentration in hydrogels, pH of the release medium and applied electric field was investigated on the release profiles of the MB. The release study showed that the interaction between hydrogels and MB, pH of the medium and electric field are the parameters that affect the releasing behaviour of methylene blue. The partition coefficient (K d ) of MB in hydrogels increased with increasing AMPS content in the hydrogels. The application of external electric field has increased the time response of swell and release of methylene blue through hydrogels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically induced swelling and methylene blue release behaviour of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulphonic acid) hydrogels

Saikia¹,

Aggarwal

Mandal

2015

Colloid Polym Sci

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“…Hysteresis effects in polymer solutions are prerequisites for the development of liquid-phase systems of keeping information on quasi biological basis. "Programmable" molecules represent evident interest for nanotechnology, particularly, for targeted delivery of drug components on sub cell level [11]. In prospect this study could be a basis for formation of quasi biological computers [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hysteresis Effects During the Phase Transition in Solutions of Temperature Sensitive Polymers

Сулейменов

Güven

Mun

et al. 2017

Eurasian Chem. Tech. J.

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It is demonstrated, for the first time,that well-known phase transitions induced by changes in temperature in solutions of polymers containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups could be followed by noticeable hysteresis effects. A<br />well-known phase transitions accompanied by a sharp change in fluid properties, in particular its optical density can be induced by many external influences, including temperature changes occurring in the solutions of polymers containing both<br />hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups. Since intensification subsequent hydrophobic interactions, leading to loss of solubility of the polymer molecules, resulting, in particular, a significant increase in the turbidity of the medium and are accompanied by a pronounced hysteresis phenomena. Hysteresis phenomena in the processes of molecular-scale play an important theoretical and practical interest in linkage with the development of advanced nano-level technology. In particular, the issue of the development of molecular "trigger" switches, and other analog electronic systems, implemented on submolecular level was actively discussed. In fact, under the same physical conditions of the environment of macromolecules system can be in two different states, which resolves the issue of programming such molecules. State of these polymers depends on their way of formation and thermodynamic variables. Observed effect could be utilized directly for information recording into the structure on the basis of stimulus-sensitive macromolecular chains. In fact, it is a first step towards creating memory of quasi-biological elements.

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“…Since Katchalsky and Flory various polymer gels have been studied as actuators and chemomechanical energy conversion materials [5][6][7]. Some reviews of these systems are available [7,22,[26][27][28]. Many recent studies on polymer gels show that mechanochemical properties are related to volume phase transitions [8][9][10][11][12], being the volume change at the transition, as large as 1000 times the initial volume of the sample [13].…”

Section: Artificial Molecular Muscles In the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemomechanical Devices Based on Conducting Polymers

Otero¹

2000

Polymer Sensors and Actuators

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IntroductionIn general movement is an intrinsic property of living creatures. It occurs at different structural levels including ion transfer through membranes, separation of replicated chromosomes, beating of cilia and flagella or, the most common, contraction of muscles. Those contractions enable the organism to carry out organized and sophisticated movements such as walking, running, flying, swimming, breathing, digesting foods, etc., as well as generating mechanical energy.Great strides have been made during human evolution in developing biological systems. Among these, muscles are elegant devices developed through thousand of years of evolution to transform chemical energy into mechanical energy and heat. This transformation is triggered by an electric pulse arriving from the brain through nerves, which promotes an increase of Ca+ 2 inside the myofibrils from 10-7 to 10-3 mollI. The increase of the ionic concentration promotes conformational changes in the troponimtropomyosin system allowing muscle contraction [1]. The energy required for these conformational changes is generated by ATP hydrolysis, this being the bonding ion between myosin heads and actin filaments. ATP is restored from ADP through the glucose cycle. All those processes take place in aqueous media. A muscle can be considered as an electro-chemo-mechanical actuator.Thus macroscopic movements developed by a muscle are generated by molecular movements occurring in biological macromolecules, and several points can be stressed: -A muscle is a complex system where water, ions, macromolecules, and small organic molecules play important roles. -A nervous pulse promotes ionic interchanges between every myofibril and the surroundings in a few microseconds. -The free energy of ATP hydrolysis drives conformational changes in the myosin head, resulting in the net movement of myosin along the actin filament. -The movement occurs through the formation of complexes between two macromolecules (myosin and actin) and an ion,ATP, and the subsequent dissociation of those complexes with formation of ADP. -The high energetic content of ATP is restored from the ADP by transferring energy from glycolysis. -Muscles work at constant temperature and the heat generated during those transformations by entropic requirements has to be eliminated. Y. Osada et al. (eds.), Polymer Sensors and Actuators

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Synthesis, Mechanism, and Application of An Electro-Driven Chemomechanical System Using Polymer Gels

Cited by 34 publications

References 7 publications

Electrically induced swelling and methylene blue release behaviour of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulphonic acid) hydrogels

Electrically induced swelling and methylene blue release behaviour of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulphonic acid) hydrogels

Hysteresis Effects During the Phase Transition in Solutions of Temperature Sensitive Polymers

Electrochemomechanical Devices Based on Conducting Polymers

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