Synthesis Methods and Optical Sensing Applications of Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles Made from Rhodium, Platinum, Gold, or Silver

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth review of plasmonic metal nanoparticles made from rhodium, platinum, gold, or silver. We describe fundamental concepts, synthesis methods, and optical sensing applications of these nanoparticles. Plasmonic metal nanoparticles have received a lot of interest due to various applications, such as optical sensors, single-molecule detection, single-cell detection, pathogen detection, environmental contaminant monitoring, cancer diagnostics, biomedicine, and food and health safety monitoring. They provide a promising platform for highly sensitive detection of various analytes. Due to strongly localized optical fields in the hot-spot region near metal nanoparticles, they have the potential for plasmon-enhanced optical sensing applications, including metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and biomedical imaging. We explain the plasmonic enhancement through electromagnetic theory and confirm it with finite-difference time-domain numerical simulations. Moreover, we examine how the localized surface plasmon resonance effects of gold and silver nanoparticles have been utilized for the detection and biosensing of various analytes. Specifically, we discuss the syntheses and applications of rhodium and platinum nanoparticles for the UV plasmonics such as UV-MEF and UV-SERS. Finally, we provide an overview of chemical, physical, and green methods for synthesizing these nanoparticles. We hope that this paper will promote further interest in the optical sensing applications of plasmonic metal nanoparticles in the UV and visible ranges.

Strategies Employed to Design Biocompatible Metal Nanoparticles for Medical Science and Biotechnology Applications

“…26,63 Spherical platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) with diameters around 30 to 105 nm are also reported to have a strong plasmonic band in the ultraviolet (UV) region, making their application in UV plasmonic biosensors interesting. 64 These can also be associated with other metals in order to provide coupling between the LSPR bands, as reported by Han et al (2023), who developed AuNPs decorated with PtNPs for imaging and photothermal treatment. 65 Still, as additional information, we recommend reading Mayer and Hafner's work with detailed descriptions of the mNP properties with different shapes and sizes.…”

“…There are many other metals with plasmonic properties used as LSPR nanoprobes, like Cu nanoparticles (CuNPs), with a broad LSPR band for spherical 10 nm particles having peaks in 200 and 570 nm regions, and palladium (Pd) mNPs in the form of cubes, prisms, and plates, which LSPR band is located in the Vis-near-ultraviolet region and can be tuned from 200 to 530 nm. , Spherical platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) with diameters around 30 to 105 nm are also reported to have a strong plasmonic band in the ultraviolet (UV) region, making their application in UV plasmonic biosensors interesting . These can also be associated with other metals in order to provide coupling between the LSPR bands, as reported by Han et al (2023), who developed AuNPs decorated with PtNPs for imaging and photothermal treatment .…”

Nanomaterials for Photothermal Antimicrobial Surfaces

“…Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are the most widely studied photothermal agents (PTAs) based on inorganic materials. − Gold nanoparticles own peculiar electrical and optical properties, associated with high biocompatibility, that make them attractive for nanomedicine. ,,, As with other noble metal nanoparticles (Ag, Cu, and Pt), AuNPs possess a strong localized surface plasmon resonance band (LSPR), an interesting feature for photothermal issues. Plasmonic nanostructures are ideal candidates for light-to-heat conversion, since they can absorb incident photons with high cross-section and they convert them into heat through Landau damping of electron–hole pairs .…”

Silver Nanoparticles’ Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances Emerged in Polymeric Environments: Theory and Experiment

“…In recent years, plasmonics has undergone remarkable development, attracting significant research interest centered on the unique optical properties of plasmonic NPs. These are metallic nanoparticles with sizes smaller than the wavelength of visible light that can be fabricated by a plethora of methods, including chemical synthesis [1,2], lithography [3], sputtering [4,5], laser ablation [6,7], green synthesis [8], and more [9][10][11], finding applications in various fields such as optoelectronics, catalysis, biological, and chemical sensing, photothermal therapy, and light harvesting [2,10,[12][13][14][15][16].…”

“…This phenomenon can result in the intense absorption of light as well as the enhancement of the local electromagnetic field. LSPRs are important for numerous applications and have been exploited to enhance solar cell efficiency [12,13], fabricate highly sensitive biosensing devices for medical diagnostics and bioimaging [10,15], as well as improve catalytic [14] and optoelectronic performance [13].…”