Synthesis, microstructure, and electrical behavior of (Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 piezoelectric ceramics via a citric acid sol–gel method

Jing, Ruiyi; Chen, Xiaoming; Ma, Jia-ping; Lian, Han‐li; Chen, Wei-ting

doi:10.1007/s10853-017-1492-9

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…So, NBT-6BT is a good base-material candidate for lead-free high temperature MLCCs, as exemplified by Sun et al 6 However, one of the major challenges for using NBT-6BT in MLCCs applications is the reliability of its dielectric properties, NBT-6BT dielectric properties being very sensitive to variations of stoichiometry, 7 residual stress 8 in the synthesis process. 9 One characteristic evolution with temperature of the dielectric properties of a single crystal of NBT-6BT has been reported by Ge et al 10 (see figure 2C in Ref. 10), where the depolarization temperature T d = 120°C presents a frequency dispersion, due to the relaxor character of the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Influence of the stoichiometry, microstructure, and metallization method on the dielectric properties of 0.94 Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃‐0.06 BaTiO₃

et al. 2021

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The morphotropic composition of the lead-free solid solution between Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 and BaTiO 3 (0.94 Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 -0.06 BaTiO 3 or NBT-6BT) is of particular interest for the next generation of high-temperature capacitors but remains plagued by the diversity of dielectric properties reported in the literature. In order to explain the apparent inconsistencies among the reported dielectric properties of NBT-6BT, we examine the influence of stoichiometry, phase separation, and metallization method.We show that the nominal stoichiometry has a crucial effect, since increasing the nominal Na/Bi ratio increases conductivity and dielectric losses (tan δ). It also increases the real part of the permittivity (ε') and the frequency dispersion of both ε' and tan δ, thereby altering the shape of the evolution with temperature of the dielectric properties. Moreover it increases the depolarization temperature (T d ) and decreases the temperature of maximum permittivity (T m ). Phase separation also occurs during the synthesis of NBT-6BT as Na evaporation leads to the formation of secondary Ba-containing phases. We report that these phases can have a positive impact on the dielectric properties: a moderate volume fraction (2.5 to 3.0%) and average grain surface (0.9 to 3.0 µm 2 ) of these secondary Ba-containing phases increase the relative permittivity, decrease the dielectric losses, and increase the insulation resistance. We also show that the metallization method impacts the dielectric properties and therefore may contribute to the differences between various reports. The dielectric properties of NBT-6BT samples are measured during successive heating/cooling cycles and reveal that the permittivity value is lower during the first heating when silver paste, even cured, is used. These three components contribute to explaining the diversity of the reported dielectric properties of NBT-6BT.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…However, one of the major challenges for using NBT‐6BT in MLCCs applications is the reliability of its dielectric properties, NBT‐6BT dielectric properties being very sensitive to variations of stoichiometry, 7 residual stress 8 in the synthesis process 9 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the stoichiometry, microstructure, and metallization method on the dielectric properties of 0.94 Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃‐0.06 BaTiO₃

et al. 2021

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“… c The BN6BT ceramics were prepared via the solid‐state sintering method using the precursor powders with nanometer grains 48 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the BN6BT ceramics via the conventional solid‐state sintering method, the BDS is always lower than 80 kV· cm −1 32 . The BDS of those prepared using the nanometer‐sized precursor powders via the conventional solid‐state sintering method is about 80 kV· cm −1 48 . The BN6BT ceramics prepared using the nanometer‐sized precursor powders via the cold‐sintering assisted sintering method exhibit the BDS larger than 105 kV· cm −1 22 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BN6BT ceramics via cold‐sintering with annealing: Effects of grain size of precursor powders and annealing temperature

Lian,

He,

Liang

et al. 2023

J Am Ceram Soc.

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In this work, (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 (BN6BT) lead‐free ceramics were prepared via cold‐sintering followed by annealing, and effects of grain size of precursor powders and annealing temperature on microstructure, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of the ceramics were studied. The precursor powders for cold sintering were obtained by mixing the powders with sub‐micrometer (average grain size, AGS = 0.26 μm) and nanometer (AGS = 73 nm) grains in various mass ratios (1:0, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4). The precursor powders were mixed with deionized water and cold sintered at 180°C for 1 h under 500 MPa. The cold‐sintered samples were then annealed at temperatures between 800 and 1000°C for 2 h. For the ratios of 1:2 and 1:4, the corresponding ceramics annealed at 950°C exhibit dielectric and ferroelectric properties similar to those of the BN6BT ceramics sintered at 1170°C via the solid‐state sintering method. The present BN6BT ceramics exhibit dense microstructure with finer grains with AGS = 280 nm, higher breakdown strength (BDS = 160 kV· cm−1) compared to the solid‐state sintered BN6BT ceramics with AGS = 1.6 μm and BDS = 75 kV· cm−1. The results demonstrate that the cold‐sintering followed by annealing is effective in preparing BN6BT ceramics with fine grains and excellent dielectric and ferroelectric properties at relatively low temperatures.

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“…In addition, the properties of piezoelectric BNKT materials strongly depend on the particle size because surface and grain boundary diffusion according to particle size and its distribution affects the densification of ceramics during the high-temperature sintering process. However, conventional solid-state reaction-derived piezoelectric powders generally show an inhomogeneous particle size and large distribution in the range of millimeter or submicrometer scale due to severe agglomeration, which leads to a porous microstructure, cracks, non-uniform composition, and spatial variation of properties in piezoelectric ceramics after sintering. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domain Dynamics and Local Level Switching Behaviors of Sol–Gel Nanopowder-Derived Lead-Free Piezoelectric Bi_0.5(Na_0.78K_0.22)_0.5TiO₃ Ceramics

Won

Lee

Shim

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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The material properties of sol−gel nanopowderderived lead-free Bi 0.5 (Na 0.78 K 0.22 ) 0.5 TiO 3 (BNKT) ceramics are systematically investigated for high-response piezoelectric device applications. To elucidate the principle of the domain dynamics and local level ferroelectric switching behaviors of environmentally friendly BNKT ceramics, we systematically analyze the Rayleigh parameters and the first-order reversal curve (FORC) of the BNKT ceramics and compare the results with those of the standard measurement method. Based on the characterization of Rayleigh parameters, it is clarified that the contribution of the domain-wall motion of the sol−gel-derived BNKT ceramics is higher than that of solid-state reaction-derived ceramics. We also analyze the FORC distribution diagram-associated hysteron density functions for visualizing reversible and irreversible contributions of domain walls and switching behaviors above the Rayleigh regime. The switching behaviors are explained by considering the defects and microstructural differences of the BNKT ceramics, which are affected by both reversible and irreversible contributions. The sol−gel-derived BNKT ceramics show highly localized and well-defined FORC distribution diagrams with the sharp maximum of the irreversible component and the low reversible contribution, which clearly indicate more homogeneous switching properties and less defects than solid-state reactionderived ceramics because each switching unit gives almost identical contributions to the total polarization. In this study, the developed technique and gained information are used to explore a fundamental understanding of the domain dynamics and local level switching behaviors of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. We believe that our investigation certainly positions itself in various multifunctional electronic applications without using toxic lead-based piezoelectrics.

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Synthesis, microstructure, and electrical behavior of (Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 piezoelectric ceramics via a citric acid sol–gel method

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Influence of the stoichiometry, microstructure, and metallization method on the dielectric properties of 0.94 Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃‐0.06 BaTiO₃

Influence of the stoichiometry, microstructure, and metallization method on the dielectric properties of 0.94 Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃‐0.06 BaTiO₃

BN6BT ceramics via cold‐sintering with annealing: Effects of grain size of precursor powders and annealing temperature

Domain Dynamics and Local Level Switching Behaviors of Sol–Gel Nanopowder-Derived Lead-Free Piezoelectric Bi_0.5(Na_0.78K_0.22)_0.5TiO₃ Ceramics

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Synthesis, microstructure, and electrical behavior of (Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 piezoelectric ceramics via a citric acid sol–gel method

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Influence of the stoichiometry, microstructure, and metallization method on the dielectric properties of 0.94 Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐0.06 BaTiO3

Influence of the stoichiometry, microstructure, and metallization method on the dielectric properties of 0.94 Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐0.06 BaTiO3

BN6BT ceramics via cold‐sintering with annealing: Effects of grain size of precursor powders and annealing temperature

Domain Dynamics and Local Level Switching Behaviors of Sol–Gel Nanopowder-Derived Lead-Free Piezoelectric Bi0.5(Na0.78K0.22)0.5TiO3 Ceramics

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Influence of the stoichiometry, microstructure, and metallization method on the dielectric properties of 0.94 Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃‐0.06 BaTiO₃

Influence of the stoichiometry, microstructure, and metallization method on the dielectric properties of 0.94 Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃‐0.06 BaTiO₃

Domain Dynamics and Local Level Switching Behaviors of Sol–Gel Nanopowder-Derived Lead-Free Piezoelectric Bi_0.5(Na_0.78K_0.22)_0.5TiO₃ Ceramics