Synthesis, morphological analysis, antibacterial activity of iron oxide nanoparticles and the cytotoxic effect on lung cancer cell line

Abstract

Focusing on the huge importance associated in developing functional materials, this research study describes the synthesis, characterization of morphology, bactericidal activity and cytotoxic effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). IONPs have been successfully fabricated through thermal decomposition of a diiron(III) complex precursor. The morphology of the nanoparticle has been delineated with different spectroscopic and analytic methods. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (FE-SEM and HR-TEM) analyses estimate the cross linked porous structure of IONPs with an average size ~97 nm. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) study of IONPs determines the hydrodynamic diameter as 104 nm. The cytotoxic behavior of IONPs has been examined against human lung cancer cell line (A549) through different fluorescence staining studies which ensure the mode of apoptosis for cell death of A549. Furthermore, measurement of reactive oxygen species suggests the destruction of mitochondrial membrane of Staphylococcus aureus , leading to effective bactericidal propensity which holds a good promise for IONPs to become a clinically approved antibacterial agent.

Facile In-Situ Fabrication of a Ternary ZnO/TiO2/Ag Nanocomposite for Enhanced Bactericidal and Biocompatibility Properties

“…The nanoparticles treated bacterial cells after the desired incubation, after which 20 µL of resazurin dye was incorporated to all the wells, which was incubated for 30 min at 37 °C to monitor the colour change. The MIC was detected based on the colour change from blue to a purple or pink colour [ 48 ].…”

Antimicrobial Activity of Nanoconjugated Glycopeptide Antibiotics and Their Effect on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm

“…NP-TEICO was more active than NP-VANCO on VanB-resistant enterococci, NP-VANCO was more active than NP-TEICO on S. haemolyticus, whereas both preparations were not active against VanA enterococci and the Gram-negative representative E. coli. Although many authors have previously reported that IONPs, as well as other types of metal oxide NPs, possess an intrinsic antimicrobial activity (Gabrielyan et al, 2019;Das et al, 2020;Shkodenko et al, 2020), in the different experiments hereby conducted (i.e., agar diffusion assay, BacLight fluorescence assay, bacterial growth kinetics, CFU measurement) a significant bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity was conferred to IONPs only following their conjugation with teicoplanin and vancomycin. As previously reported (Ebrahiminezhad et al, 2014;Arakha et al, 2015;Dinali et al, 2017;Armenia et al, 2018), naked IONPs can interact mainly via electrostatic interactions with bacterial cell envelopes, arresting transiently cell growth and, in sporadic cases, causing cell death, but this phenomenon greatly differs in magnitude from the potent and selective antimicrobial action of 'last-resort' antibiotics such as GPAs towards Gram-positive bacterial strains.…”

“…A still unsolved issue of using IONP-carried antibiotics remains assessing their intrinsic level of cytotoxicity, which could eventually limit their further in vivo utilization ( Wu et al, 2015 ; Arias et al, 2018 ). Although IONPs are considered the most biocompatible among metal oxide NPs and many clinical applications based on their use in vivo have been already proposed (i.e., magnetic resonance imaging, thermal ablation therapy, treatment of iron-deficient anemia; Arias et al, 2018 ; Ajinkya et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2020 ), the knowledge on their interaction with animal cells and models is still very limited ( Naskar and Kim, 2019 ; Das et al, 2020 ). Herein, we report that the cytotoxic effect of IONPs to mammalian cell lines in vitro , when used in the range of the antibacterial MICs of GPAs, is relatively low and it seems to be mitigated by the coverage with non-toxic molecules such as GPAs themselves.…”

Green Synthesis of Gold and Iron Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study

“…Literature shows that gold nanoparticles may kill bacteria either by changing the membrane permeability, decreasing ATP levels by inhibition of ATP synthase, or inhibiting the binding of tRNA ribosomal subunit [42,43]. On the other hand, iron nanoparticles might exhibit bactericidal effects by inducing reactive oxygen species that may cause damage in the protein and DNA of the bacteria through oxidative stress [44,45].…”