Synthesis of 2,2,4-Trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine using Treated Natural Zeolite Catalyst

Abstract

The cyclocondensation of 1,2-phenylenediamine and acetone in the presence of treated natural zeolite catalyst (TNZ) under solvent-free condition has been done. The research consisted of three steps. The first step was treatment of natural zeolite by mixing this material in hydrochloric acid solution at 50 °C for 1 hour to be followed by soaking the zeolite in ammonium chloride solution for 5 days. The second step was solvent-free condensation of 1,2-phenylenediamine and acetone using TNZ at 50 °C for 2 hours with weight ratio variation of catalyst, i.e. 15, 30, 45, and 60% (wt/wt). The third step was to study catalyst reusability for the condensation reaction. Based on TLC, FTIR, and 1 H NMR analyses, the condensation afforded 2,2,4-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine as the product in 73% yield with the optimum of catalyst loading at 30% (wt/wt). The reusability test showed that the catalyst can be reused for the cyclocondensation for four times.

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“…These results suggest that the functional groups and structures of citric acid and ethylene glycol were introduced into CP. In the case of o‐phenylenediamine and CP, the peaks centered at 1492, 1461, and 3384 cm −1 can be attributed to the bending vibrations of NH from NH 2 , and, 71–73 and 1275 cm −1 can be assigned to the CN vibration stretching from the primary amine 67,74 . These results suggest that N atoms were successfully introduced into CP.…”

“…68 Another peak centered at 3429 and 3293 cm À1 was observed for citric acid, ethylene glycol (data not shown), and a broad peak of CP, respectively, resulting from the stretching vibrations of O H. 69,70 These results suggest that the functional groups and structures of citric acid and ethylene glycol were introduced into CP. In the case of o-phenylenediamine and CP, the peaks centered at 1492, 1461, and 3384 cm À1 can be attributed to the bending vibrations of N H from NH 2 , and, [71][72][73] and 1275 cm À1 can be assigned to the C N vibration stretching from the primary amine. 67,74 These results suggest that N atoms were successfully introduced into CP.…”

Catalytic Cracking of Crude Biodiesel into Biohydrocarbon Using Natural Zeolite Impregnated Nickel Oxide Catalyst

“…Natural zeolite produces lower costs since the price is lower. Firdaus and Prameswari [5] reported the usage of natural zeolite as the catalyst in 2,2,4-Trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine. Glycerol esterification also can undergo with the support of natural zeolite as the catalyst [6].…”