Synthesis of 2,2′-hindered pyridine containing semifluorinated polytriazoles and investigation for low-temperature proton exchange membrane application with enhanced oxidative stability

Roy, Sambit; Ghorai, Arijit; Komber, Hartmut; Voit, Brigitte; Banerjee, Susanta

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109898

Cited by 19 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In the initial phase (<50 °C), the storage modulus ( E ′) values of the copolymers showed a decreasing tendency. This was possibly due to the mobilization of the trapped water molecules within the sulfonated copolytriazoles that plasticized the polymer chains as the temperature increased . Later, with a gradual increase of temperature up to around 125 °C, the modulus values of the membranes increase because of the elimination of the trapped water molecules, and antiplasticization of the membranes occurred .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The values were close to the value of Nafion 117. Therefore, it can be argued that the synthesized PTDPBSH- XX copolytriazoles follow proton transportation mechanisms with the involvement of hydronium ions similar to those of Nafion 117 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stress–strain properties of the solution cast films (thickness of 60–65 μm) were measured using a universal mechanical testing machine (Tinius Olsen, H5KS, U.K.) following earlier described procedures. , The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of the polymer membranes was performed using a DMA 242 E Artemis (NETZSCH, Germany) instrument at a 5 K min –1 heating rate from 30 to 250 °C. A fixed dimension (5 mm × 15 mm) of the polymer membranes was used, and the measurements were performed at a frequency of 10 Hz . Ion exchange capacity (IEC), swelling ratio (SR), water uptake (WU), and oxidative stability of the acidified membranes were measured following reported procedures .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fixed dimension (5 mm × 15 mm) of the polymer membranes was used, and the measurements were performed at a frequency of 10 Hz. 8 Ion exchange capacity (IEC), swelling ratio (SR), water uptake (WU), and oxidative stability of the acidified membranes were measured following reported procedures. 20 A four-probe conductivity cell connected with an AC impedance spectrometer (Gamry reference 3000 Potentiostat, Germany) was used to measure the electrical resistance (R) of the membranes from the obtained Nyquist plots (100 Hz to 1 MHz).…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several sulfonated aromatic polymers (sulfonated polyimide, sulfonated polyarylene ethers, polybenzimidazoles, sulfonated polytriazoles, etc.) and their derivatives have been developed and researched as PEM materials. − However, many aromatic-based sulfonated polymers experienced poor oxidative stability, excessive water uptake (WU), and swelling at higher temperatures; therefore, various attempts have been made to improve their dimensional and oxidative stability to an acceptable degree. , Chemical cross-linking and physical blending were widely utilized to alleviate these limitations. Conversely, modification of the microstructure seemed to be a fascinating way to deal with the properties of PEMs, leading to significant proton conductivity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of Sulfonated Polytriazoles with a Phosphaphenanthrene Unit via Click Polymerization: Fabrication of Membranes and Properties Thereof

Ghorai¹,

Roy²,

Das³

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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A phosphaphenanthrene-based diazide monomer, 1,1-bis-(4-azidophenyl)-1-(6-oxido-6H-dibenz⟨c,e⟩⟨1,2⟩oxaphosphorin-6-yl) ethane (DPAZ), was synthesized via diazonium compound formation. DPAZ was used as one of the comonomers along with a sulfonated diazide to prepare a series of sulfonated polytriazoles (PTDPBSH-XX, where XX denotes the molar percentage of the sulfonated diazide in the diazide mixtures) through copper-induced click polymerization with the bisphenol-based dialkyne (BPALK). The products were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and NMR techniques. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) results indicated the formation of high molar mass products (weight average molecular weight as high as 74 900 g mol–1 with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 2.13). The polytriazoles showed high thermal stability, and the solution cast membranes from dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were flexible and had good mechanical integrity. PTDPBSH-XX copolymers displayed high proton conductivity (141 and 152 mS cm–1 at 80 and 90 °C, respectively, for PTDPBSH-90 with a weight-based ion exchange capacity (IECW) of 2.46 mequiv g–1) with balanced water management and high oxidative stability (>16.5 h). The images of the cross-sectional membranes obtained from atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) studies revealed hydrophilic–hydrophobic phase-segregated morphology. Besides, the microbial fuel cell performances of the membranes were comparable with that of Nafion 117.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Preparation of Sulfonated Polytriazoles with a Phosphaphenanthrene Unit via Click Polymerization: Fabrication of Membranes and Properties Thereof

Ghorai¹,

Roy²,

Das³

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Phosphorus‐Containing Fluoro‐Sulfonated Polytriazole Membranes with High Proton Conductivity: Understanding Microstructural and Thermomechanical Behaviors as a Function of Degree of Sulfonation

Ghorai

Banerjee

2022

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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The current article describes the design and synthesis of a new series of phosphorus-containing fluoro-sulfonated polytriazoles through click polymerization. The synthesized copolytriazoles (PTPFDSH-70 to 90) with different degrees of sulfonation (DS) from 70% to 90% are structurally interpreted by various spectroscopic techniques ( 1 H, 13 C, and FTIR). The high molecular weight (weight average molecular weight as high as 77 500 g mol −1 with polydispersity index of 2.29) polymers exhibits excellent mechanical (elongation at break up to 95%), thermal (10% decomposition temperature: 266-317 °C), and oxidative (>14.5 h) stability. The PTPFDSH-70 to 90 possess outstanding water-holding ability in hydrated conditions (swelling ratio [in-plane]: 6.2-7.3% at 80 °C). The microstructural alterations by their thermal relaxations and transitions with increasing DS in the polymers have been thoroughly investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis. The atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscope images of the PTPFDSH-70 to 90 polymer membranes demonstrated the phase segregated interconnected ionic cluster-like morphology between hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. The PTPFDSH-90 (DEB:PFAZ:DSAZ = 100:10:90) polymer membrane displays the proton conductivity (176 and 190 ms cm −1 at 80 and 90 °C, respectively) higher than Nafion117 under similar test conditions.

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Synthesis and characterization of poly(1,2,3‐triazole)s with inherent high sulfur content for optical applications

Mazumder

Komber

Bittrich

et al. 2023

Journal of Polymer Science

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The synthesis of solution‐processable sulfur‐containing polytriazoles for optoelectronic applications is a relatively less explored domain in polymer research. The synthesis of novel bifunctional (DA) and trifunctional (TA) azido‐monomers with inherent high sulfur content and of organo‐soluble high refractive index poly(1,2,3‐triazole)s using the azido‐monomers via Cu(I) assisted click polymerization reactions are reported in this work. The azido‐monomers were synthesized by the conversion of previously reported amine‐functionalized compounds to azides using azidotrimethylsilane in a polar aprotic solvent. Dialkyne monomers were also synthesized and reacted with the azides to prepare a series of five linear and two hyperbranched poly(1,2,3‐triazole)s. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the synthesized polymers. It was also demonstrated that the use of the trifunctional azide in optimized conditions resulted in increased solubility of an otherwise insoluble linear poly(1,2,3‐triazole). The optical characterization of the polymers was carried out on thin polymer films with thickness in the nanometer range, which were successfully prepared by spin‐coating on silicon wafers. It was found that the increase in the sulfur and aromatic content in the polymer backbone successfully increased the refractive index of the polymers up to 1.743 at 589 nm.

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Synthesis of 2,2′-hindered pyridine containing semifluorinated polytriazoles and investigation for low-temperature proton exchange membrane application with enhanced oxidative stability

Cited by 19 publications

References 56 publications

Preparation of Sulfonated Polytriazoles with a Phosphaphenanthrene Unit via Click Polymerization: Fabrication of Membranes and Properties Thereof

Preparation of Sulfonated Polytriazoles with a Phosphaphenanthrene Unit via Click Polymerization: Fabrication of Membranes and Properties Thereof

Phosphorus‐Containing Fluoro‐Sulfonated Polytriazole Membranes with High Proton Conductivity: Understanding Microstructural and Thermomechanical Behaviors as a Function of Degree of Sulfonation

Synthesis and characterization of poly(1,2,3‐triazole)s with inherent high sulfur content for optical applications

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