Synthesis of 3D ordered macroporous indium tin oxide using polymer colloidal crystal template

Zhang, Xue’ao; Man, Yahui; Wang, Jianfang; Liu, Changli; Wu, Wenjian

doi:10.1007/s11431-006-2009-y

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Nowadays, the research needs are the development of new methods of producing robust porous transparent electrodes for photoconversion, and analytical applications . The fabrication of mesoporous ITO layers with high surface areas or macroporous ITO layers with very good diffusional access to the inner surface area of the pores has been described . Macroporous electrode materials are preferred for some applications, including sensors, as it enables mass transport in even very thick layers (up to 900 μm in an example related to Li‐ion secondary battery), and can be further modified with a functional material to increase the active surface area or provide catalytic activity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Macroporous electrode materials are preferred for some applications, including sensors, as it enables mass transport in even very thick layers (up to 900 μm in an example related to Li‐ion secondary battery), and can be further modified with a functional material to increase the active surface area or provide catalytic activity . Different methods are reported for the preparation of porous ITO materials, e. g. infiltration, electrochemically assisted deposition, electrophoretic deposition or electrospinning. Electrospun materials are very attractive because a sensitive layer (e. g., a photosensitive or a pre‐concentration film) can be deposited on the surface of nanofibers without clogging the large interconnections between pores, keeping the all surface area of the electrode accessible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly Interconnected Macroporous and Transparent Indium Tin Oxide Electrode

et al. 2017

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A macroporous indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode has been obtained by electrospinning nanofibers from polyvinylpyrrolidone and ITO precursors on a fused silica substrate covered by polystyrene, followed by a heat treatment that induced a drastic modification in the material texture. The resulting electrode structure is consisting of highly interconnected nanofilaments of sizes between 70 and 170 nm. The electrode is robust, fixed to the substrate, transparent in the visible light region, and possesses excellent electrochemical properties in comparison to a planar ITO electrode, that is, improved reversibility with ferrocenedimethanol and greatly enhanced oxidation for ascorbic acid. SEM and XRD measurements confirm ITO formation. This porous ITO electrode can be modified electrochemically with mesostructured methylated silica and applied to a combined electrochemical and spectral detection of industrial dyes (methylene blue, Meldola's blue, and methylene green) from water. For methylene blue analysis, a linear range of detection between 20 nM and 2 μM and a limit of detection of 17 nM are observed. Finally, the spectroelectrochemical analysis of a solution with mixed dyes has been performed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Interconnected Macroporous and Transparent Indium Tin Oxide Electrode

et al. 2017

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“…The majority of high surface area ITO syntheses require the addition (and inevitable removal) of templating/structure-directing agents, which can add significant cost and complexity that may limit the feasibility of large-scale manufacturing. These include the use of block copolymers, polymer spheres or binders, and densifying agents to produce structured ITO thin films and powders with periodic arrays of pores having either mesoscale (2–50 nm) or macroscale (>50 nm) diameters, as well as disordered ITO particle aggregations . There are very few reports of ITO films with demonstrated efficacy as transparent electrodes that also quantify surface area.…”

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confidence: 99%

High Surface Area Transparent Conducting Oxide Electrodes with a Customizable Device Architecture

et al. 2014

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Herein, we report the development of optically transparent high surface area electrodes (HSEs) made of indium tin oxide (ITO) using a facile, template-free, scalable wet chemical synthetic approach. The transparent HSEs are electronically conductive and physically robust, with tunable electrochemically accessible roughness factors from 1 through ∼100. These transparent HSEs can serve as a broadly functionalizable scaffold ideally suited to bridge the gap between the need to minimize ionic and electronic transport lengths within a device and the need to achieve high loadings of active material per surface area (e.g. for high capacity as needed for batteries or high optical density as required for electrochromics or photovoltaics). This gap currently stands as a major hurdle for the utilization of many nanomaterials in electronic and optoelectronic devices. The synthetic approach described here for ITO is transferable to other transparent conducting oxide (TCO) materials. This is the first report of a large-pore, tunable, high surface area TCO electrode with excellent optical and conductive properties.

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“…Main benefits of sol-gel approaches are the possibility of solution-based coating technology and the facile generation of porosity through suitable polymer templates, as demonstrated for mesoporous and macroporous ITO. 10,11 An alternative concept to endow TCOs with porosity is the generation of nanofibers by electrospinning. The combination of a suitable polymer as a carrier with conventional sol-gel processing thus can be applied for the electrospinning of metal oxide fibers, including ITO.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrospun antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) nanofibers as a versatile conducting matrix

Ostermann

Zieba²,

Rudolph

et al. 2011

Chem. Commun.

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Nanoparticles of ATO (antimony doped tin oxide) were used to produce thick conductive, free standing mats of nanofibers via electrospinning. These fibrous mats were incorporated into polymer films to produce a transparent conducting polymer foil. Moreover, the fiber mats can serve as porous electrodes for electrodeposition of Prussian Blue and TiO 2 and were tested in dye-sensitized solar cells.TCO (transparent conducting oxide) materials are widely used in opto-electronic applications as transparent electrodes, commonly as thin, compact films deposited on glass or quartz substrates.1,2 These TCO layers of 200-300 nm thickness possess sheet resistances typically below 20 O/& and transparencies above 85% in the visible range, making them also suitable as two-dimensional electrodes for electrochromic devices 3 and solar cells.4 TCO films with 3D porosity with pore sizes beyond 100 nm are supposed to be useful for diverse applications. As proposed by Zaban et al., a 3D TCO electrode theoretically offers advantages for electron collection in DSSCs (dye-sensitized solar cells), 5 due to a higher surface area and a shorter electron diffusion pathway to the back electrode. The practical realization of such DSSCs with TiO 2 on ITO (indium tin oxide) nanopowders 6 and nanowires generated by laser-ablation 7 showed only low conversion efficiency, but recently a more elaborate approach based on a poly(carbonate) template yielded around 4% efficiency. 8 In addition, porous TCO electrodes might prove suitable in other applications with non-conducting polymers or oxides with low intrinsic conductivities, as for example oxide cathodes for Li-batteries. Here we demonstrate a novel procedure allowing the production of ATO (antimony doped tin oxide) nanofiber mats and their usage to endow intrinsically insulating polymer films with conductivity, and as highly porous electrodes for electrodeposition and device fabrication. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first working example of a nanofiber-based ATO electrode. For ordinary TCO electrodes, typical deposition techniques are CVD and PVD (chemical and physical vapor deposition), including spray pyrolysis, PLD (pulsed laser deposition) and magnetron sputtering, resulting in compact layers. Various attempts have been made to employ sol-gel processing, yielding good transparency, but generally much lower conductivity. Main benefits of sol-gel approaches are the possibility of solution-based coating technology and the facile generation of porosity through suitable polymer templates, as demonstrated for mesoporous and macroporous ITO.10,11 An alternative concept to endow TCOs with porosity is the generation of nanofibers by electrospinning. The combination of a suitable polymer as a carrier with conventional sol-gel processing thus can be applied for the electrospinning of metal oxide fibers, including ITO. 8,15 However, for other n-type TCO materials like ATO, FTO (fluorine doped tin oxide) or AZO (aluminum doped zinc oxide) only low conductivities have been reported, even for ...

show abstract

Synthesis of 3D ordered macroporous indium tin oxide using polymer colloidal crystal template

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Highly Interconnected Macroporous and Transparent Indium Tin Oxide Electrode

Highly Interconnected Macroporous and Transparent Indium Tin Oxide Electrode

High Surface Area Transparent Conducting Oxide Electrodes with a Customizable Device Architecture

Electrospun antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) nanofibers as a versatile conducting matrix

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