Synthesis of 4-methyl-5-arylpyrimidines and 4-arylpyrimidines: route specific markers for the Leuckardt preparation of amphetamine, 4-methoxyamphetamine, and 4-methylthioamphetamine

Comparative effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and 4-methylthioamphetamine on rat liver mitochondrial function

“…Another drug of abuse chemically related, though less common than MDMA, is the amphetamine derivative 4-methylthioamphetamine (MTA), also known as "Flatliner" (De Boer et al, 1999;Poortman and Lock, 1999;Elliott, 2001;Kirkbride et al, 2001;Winstock et al, 2002).…”

One fatal and seven non-fatal cases of 4-methylthioamphetamine (4-MTA) intoxication: clinico-pathological findings

“…In the pills taken by our cases only a small amount of an unknown product -possibly 1-(4-methylthiophenyl)propene or 1-(4-methylthiophenyl)-2-propene -was found. This product was recently also identified by Kirkbride et al [25]. This may indicate that the illicit 4-methylthioamphetamine might be derived from this compound, since a shipment of 1-(4-methylthiophenyl)-2-propene was recently seized in Europe [9].…”

Degradation in soil of precursors and by-products associated with the illicit manufacture of methylamphetamine: Implications for clandestine drug laboratory investigation

“…The Leuckardt synthesis of amphetamine, however, gives rise to pyrimidines [6,7], which act as additional indicators of the synthetic route used. Although we have studied the toxicity of one of these (4-methyl-5-phenylpyrimidine [8]) we have not yet assessed its degradation and therefore cannot comment as to its utility as an enduring marker.…”