Synthesis of a hyperbranched polyamide charring agent and its flame-retarding and toughening behavior in epoxy resin

Wang, Wei; Yuan, Liu; Wen, Hui; Wang, Qi

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109479

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Wang et al prepared a hyperbranched polyamide charring agent (HPCA) suitable for epoxy resins. 75 HPCA, combined with APP, exhibited high flame-retardant efficiency in epoxy resins shown in Figure 7a. The research found that the composite system could quickly build a dense and thermally stable carbon skeleton due to the excellent synergy between HPCA and APP.…”

Section: Typical Applications Of Pa Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, PA can also be used as an additive to enhance the flame-retardant properties of epoxy resins. Wang et al prepared a hyperbranched polyamide charring agent (HPCA) suitable for epoxy resins . HPCA, combined with APP, exhibited high flame-retardant efficiency in epoxy resins shown in Figure a.…”

Section: Typical Applications Of Pa Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) Screenshots of epoxy resins, epoxy resins/APP, epoxy resins/HPCA, and epoxy resins/APP/HPCA during a vertical burning test. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2011, John Wiley and Sons.…”

Section: Typical Applications Of Pa Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation Methods, Performance Improvement Strategies, and Typical Applications of Polyamide Foams

Jiang

Gong

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Polyamide (PA) foams have been widely applied in many areas due to their outstanding properties and currently are receiving more extensive attention from the fundamental research and materials communities. However, poor melt strength and low matrix modulus seriously affect the preparation of high-performance PA foams and hinder their commercialization process. To overcome the limitations, a lot of efforts have been devoted to the research subject. In spite of the striking progress made dealing with PA foams, there has been no review to summarize the studies yet. This review begins with the consideration of the foaming process of PA and commonly used methods for PA foaming. Special emphasis is placed on effective means to enhance the performance of PA foams. Then, the typical applications of PA foams are presented, such as flame retardant, oil spill cleaning, electromagnetic shielding, and tissue engineering. Finally, the future perspective of PA foams will be outlined as well as the recommended future research directions about them.

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Section: Typical Applications Of Pa Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Typical Applications Of Pa Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation Methods, Performance Improvement Strategies, and Typical Applications of Polyamide Foams

Jiang

Gong

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Although the dendritic cyclotriphosphazene derivatives do not have the problem of poor compatibility with polymer materials, their synthesis process is too tedious and complicated, and they must undergo multiple steps to achieve the required functionality. The emergence of hyperbranched polymeric FRs has solved this problem, as they not only have the properties of dendritic structures, such as highly branched molecular structures and abundant end structures, 43 but also have the characteristics of easy synthesis, 44 low viscosity and high fluidity, and can be uniformly dispersed in polymeric materials with good compatibility, 44 showing good prospects for FR applications 45–47 . Chen et al synthesized a P/N/Si/B hyperbranched FR with a rigid‐flexible structure (PTDOB) to improve the fire safety and mechanical properties of epoxy resins, and the results demonstrated that the addition of PTDOB could effectively improve the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of EP 48 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclotriphosphazene hyperbranched P/N/Si prepared flame retardants improve mechanical properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resins

Tian

et al. 2022

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this study, a cyclotriphosphazene hyperbranched P/N/Si prepared flame retardant (HBPPSi) was synthesized, and the effects of different loadings of HBPPSi on the mechanical properties, thermal stability and flame retardancy of epoxy resin were investigated. The mechanical property studies showed that the addition of HBPPSi could effectively improve the strength and toughness of epoxy resin, in which the strength and toughness of 5% HBPPSi/EP composites were improved by 43% and 59%, respectively. Meanwhile, thermogravimetric analysis and combustion performance test analysis indicated that the loading of HBPPSi could significantly improve the carbon formation rate, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression performance of EP composites. 5% HBPPSi/EP composites achieved a V‐1 grade in the UL‐94 test, and the LOI value increased to 28.3%. Compared with the pure EP material, the maximum heat release rate (PHRR) and total smoke release (TSP) of the 5% HBPPSi/EP composite were reduced by 47% and 32%, respectively. In addition, the release of toxic smoke CO was also significantly reduced. More importantly, the mode of action of the effect of HBPPSi on the mechanical properties, flame retardant properties, and smoke suppression properties of EP materials was investigated.

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“…5 At present, various toughening agents, such as nanofillers, bio-based macromolecules, thermoplastics, and hyperbranched polymers, are used to toughen epoxy resins. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Although the introduction of toughening agents can increase the toughness of epoxy resins, it is often accompanied by a decrease in modulus and strength. 11,12 Besides, like other polymer materials, epoxy resin is easy to burn at high temperature, which restricts its application under some extreme conditions like high heat flow environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The P/Si synergistic effect enduing epoxy resin with improved flame retardancy and outstanding mechanical properties

Hou

Li²,

Wang

et al. 2022

High Performance Polymers

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The bisphenol F epoxy resin (DGEBF) reacted with 10-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-10H-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenantbrene-10-oxide (ODOPB) and phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS) to obtain a novel epoxy resin containing both phosphorus and silicon (EP-P/Si). EP-P/Si exhibited evidently improved flame retardancy, with a limited oxygen index value of 33.4% and UL-94 V-1 rating acquired. In cone calorimeter test, its peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), average effective heat of combustion (av-EHC), and total smoke production (TSP) were reduced by 36.0%, 19.5%,11.5%, and 7.2% compared with neat epoxy resin (EP), respectively, indicating that the P/Si synergistic effect not only improved the flame retardancy but also inhibited the smoke release. The flame retardancy mechanism was studied by analysis of char residue and pyrolysis behavior in gas phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results exhibited that EP-P/Si formed a dense and compact carbon layer acting as a barrier to inhibit further combustion. And the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that it had good thermal stability. In addition, the pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) results suggested that the phosphorus-containing radicals (·PO2) that had quenching effect existed in the gas phase. While the flame retardancy got improved, EP-P/Si also exhibited excellent mechanical properties, with an improvement of 31.8%, 6.2%, and 369.7% in tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength compared with EP, respectively.

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Synthesis of a hyperbranched polyamide charring agent and its flame-retarding and toughening behavior in epoxy resin

Cited by 39 publications

References 32 publications

Preparation Methods, Performance Improvement Strategies, and Typical Applications of Polyamide Foams

Preparation Methods, Performance Improvement Strategies, and Typical Applications of Polyamide Foams

Cyclotriphosphazene hyperbranched P/N/Si prepared flame retardants improve mechanical properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resins

The P/Si synergistic effect enduing epoxy resin with improved flame retardancy and outstanding mechanical properties

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