Plant diseases result in 20–40%
of agricultural loss every
year worldwide. Timely detection of plant diseases can effectively
prevent the development and spread of diseases and ensure the agricultural
yield. High-throughput and rapid methods are in great demand. This
review investigates the advanced application of Raman spectroscopy
(RS) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in the detection
of plant diseases. The determination of bacterial diseases and stress-induced
diseases, fungal diseases, viral diseases, pests in beans, and mycotoxins
related to plant diseases using RS and SERS are discussed in detail.
Then, biomarkers for RS and SERS detection are analyzed with regard
to plant disease diagnosis. Finally, the advantages and challenges
are further illustrated. Additionally, potential alternatives are
proposed for the challenges. The review is expected to provide a reference
and guidance for the use of RS and SERS in plant disease diagnostics.