Synthesis of a Multifunctional Phosphorus/Silicon Flame Retardant via an Industrial Feasible Technology

Abstract

High-performance and multifunctional epoxy resins are in increasing demand in the booming electrical and electronic fields; however, the complexity and high cost of the process pose a huge challenge for its manufacture. Herein, two multifunctional phosphorus−silicone flame retardants (DTEP and DDEDP) were synthesized by grafting rigid phosphaphenanthrene structure into a soft cyclic silicone epoxy resin, where the whole process is solventfree, cost-effective, and a 100% atomic economy. The cured products containing 5 wt % DTEP and DDEDP (i.e., DTEP-5 and DDEDP-5) both can easily achieve a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test and their limiting oxygen index values are 28.8% and 29.1%, respectively. Compared to pure epoxy resin, the heat and smoke emissions of the optimal DTEP-5 sample were reduced by 30.8% and 31.5% during the combustion, and the toughness (impact strength) of DTEP-5 was increased by 3.3 times without sacrificing their rigidity. Additionally, due to the superior electrical insulation capabilities and low surface energy of silicone, DTEP and DDEDP impart epoxy resin with excellent dielectric and hydrophobic properties. This paper offers a facile and industrially feasible strategy for manufacturing multifunctional epoxy resin and exhibits great promise in electrical and electronic fields.

Enhancement of fire safety in epoxy resin composites through incorporation of microencapsulated diatomite

“…The lower FPI value for DIA@PEGP‐4/EP (0.075 m 2 ·s/kW) compared to DIA@PEGP‐1/EP is due to an increase in phosphorus content, 30 known to advance the TTI. The synergistic effect of phosphorus and silicon contributes to the reduced TTI and TPHRR values for DIA@PEGP‐1/EP and DIA@PEGP‐4/EP 31 . The highest value of φpHRR (12.359) was reported for DIA@PEGP‐4/EP, indicating that DIA@PEGP‐4 is the most effective at reducing pHRR at the same loading level.…”

“…The synergistic effect of phosphorus and silicon contributes to the reduced TTI and TPHRR values for DIA@PEGP-1/EP and DIA@PEGP-4/EP. 31 The highest value of φpHRR (12.359) was reported for DIA@PEGP-4/ EP, indicating that DIA@PEGP-4 is the most effective at reducing pHRR at the same loading level. The comprehensive FRI results, considering TTI, PHRR, and THR, indicate that DIA@PEGP-1 has a greater impact on the flame retardancy of the EP than DIA@PEGP-4.…”

Branched Silicone Acrylates Enhanced Photocurable Epoxy Resins with High Strength, Toughness, and Low Dielectric Constant for SLA 3D Printing

“…The hydrophobic properties of materials are particularly important in electronics and electrical appliances . The contact angles and surface free energy are used to investigate the hydrophobicity, and the results are shown in Figure c.…”

Recent progress of biomass in conventional wood adhesives: a review

“…In addition, more and more attention has been paid to the flame retardant properties of wood-based panels, and the use of flame retardant adhesives can improve the flame retardant properties of woodbased panels. 199,220 Interestingly, adhesives with fluorescent properties in combination with wood-based composite materials play an important role in visual product detection, anti-counterfeiting and information transfer. 217 It is worth highlighting that the rapid progress in communication technology and the increased usage of high-frequency electronic devices have resulted in a significant rise in indoor electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radiation pollution, which has become a serious concern.…”