Synthesis of a Novel P/N/S-Containing Flame Retardant and Its Application in Epoxy Resin: Thermal Property, Flame Retardance, and Pyrolysis Behavior

Jian, Rong-Kun; Wang, Pan; Duan, Weisen; Wang, Junsheng; Zheng, Xiaowei; Weng, Jiabao

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03416

Cited by 204 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…23,24 The The phosphorus-containing structures could produce PO free radicals to capture active free radicals such as H and hydrocarbon free radicals during combustion. 26 Generally, the result of Py-GC/MS is consistent with those of the TG-FTIR and CC tests.…”

Section: Flame Retardancysupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Besides, the rest of the P-Ar bonds continue to be degraded and rearranged, and some structures containing P are nally generated, which can capture active free radicals during the burning. 26 Furthermore, the three kinds of inammable volatile gases can reduce the oxygen content and capture active free radicals during combustion through the gaseous ame retardance mode, resulting in a superior ame-retardant efficiency of PP.…”

Section: Flame Retardancymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A highly efficient gas-dominated and water-resistant flame retardant for non-charring polypropylene

et al. 2017

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Traditional phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N) flame-retardant systems for polypropylene (PP) always act through joint action of the gaseous phase and condensed phase, and are accompanied with a decrease of the thermal stability and water resistance. In this work, a novel mono-component and gas-dominated flame retardant, named DPPIP, was prepared through an amidation reaction of diphenylphosphinyl chloride and piperazine, and used to flame retard PP. Experimental results confirmed that both the thermal stability and water resistance of PP/DPPIP were improved. The initial thermal decomposition temperature of PP/25 wt% DPPIP at 5 wt% weight loss was 287.5 C under air atmosphere, which is higher than that of neat PP (266.1 C). Besides, a water-resistance test verified that PP/25 wt% DPPIP had a weight loss of only about 0.52 wt%. More importantly, the flame retardant ability of PP/25 wt% DPPIP had been greatly improved, passing the V-0 rating (UL-94). Furthermore, after the water-resistance test, the LOI value of PP/25 wt% DPPIP exhibited nearly no difference and still passed the UL-94 V-0 rating. A cone calorimeter (CC) result indicated that DPPIP had a positive effect on inhibiting heat release of PP during combustion. All of these combustion tests displayed that there was no char left. The flame retardant mechanism of DPPIP was investigated with py-GC/MS and TG-FTIR. The results illustrated that the gaseous phase resulting from the thermal decomposition of DPPIP played the leading role in the self-extinguishing behavior of PP/DPPIP, which consisted of a large amount of inflammable gaseous products such as piperazine and its derivatives, and phosphorus-containing structures.

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Section: Flame Retardancysupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Flame Retardancymentioning

confidence: 99%

A highly efficient gas-dominated and water-resistant flame retardant for non-charring polypropylene

et al. 2017

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“…According to the previous research, 2‐benzothiazolamine containing nitrogen and sulfur elements possessed certain flame‐retardant effect. Considering the amino group in the chemical structure of 2‐benzothiazolamine, it might be used for the preparation of Schiff base which was able to react with DOPO to synthesize reactive flame retardant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Flame‐retardant performance and mechanism of epoxy thermosets modified with a novel reactive flame retardant containing phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur

Huo

Wang

Yang

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A novel phosphorus‐containing, nitrogen‐containing, and sulfur‐containing reactive flame retardant (BPD) was successfully synthesized by 1‐pot reaction. The intrinsic flame‐retardant epoxy resins were prepared by blending different content of BPD with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA). Thermal stability, flame‐retardant properties, and combustion behaviors of EP/BPD thermosets were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limited oxygen index (LOI) measurement, UL94 vertical burning test, and cone calorimeter test. The flame‐retardant mechanism of BPD was studied by TGA/infrared spectrometry (TGA‐FTIR), pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py‐GC/MS), morphology, and chemical component analysis of the char residues. The results demonstrated that EP/BPD thermosets not only exhibited outstanding flame retardancy but also kept high glass transition temperature. EP/BPD‐1.0 thermoset achieved LOI value of 39.1% and UL94 V‐0 rating. In comparison to pure epoxy thermoset, the average of heat release rate (av‐HRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke release (TSR) of EP/BPD‐1.0 thermoset were decreased by 35.8%, 36.5% and 16.5%, respectively. Although the phosphorus content of EP/BPD‐0.75 thermoset was lower than that of EP/DOPO thermoset, EP/BPD‐0.75 thermoset exhibited better flame retardancy than EP/DOPO thermoset. The significant improvement of flame retardancy of EP/BPD thermosets was ascribed to the blocking effect of phosphorus‐rich intumescent char in condensed phase, and the quenching and diluting effects of abundant phosphorus‐containing free radicals and nitrogen/sulfur‐containing inert gases in gaseous phase. There was flame‐retardant synergism between phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur of BPD.

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“…EHC, defined as the ratio of HRR to mass loss rate, is an important parameter to evaluate the burning degree of the volatile species generated from the materials during combustion . Compared with the av‐EHC values of the pure PS, it was found that all A‐PS copolymers showed lower av‐EHC, which proved the existence of gas‐phase flame‐retardant effect of AC 2 NP 2 during combustion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and thermal properties of a novel core‐shell structure flame‐retardant copolymer

Cui

Zhu

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In order to improve the flame retardancy of polystyrene (PS), a phosphorus and nitrogen comonomer, named AC2NP2, was synthesized and then incorporated into various amounts of PS by seeded emulsion polymerization. The modified methacrylate (AC2NP2) was used as the core phase, the styrene as the shell phase, then flame‐retardant effect copolymers with core‐shell structure were prepared successfully. The particle size was ranged from 40 to 60 nm, and the structure and properties of the copolymers were characterized in detail. Notably, despite a few amounts of the AC2NP2 units in the copolymers, all the copolymers exhibited significantly enhanced thermal stability and reduced flammability as compared with pure PS. Furthermore, from differential scanning calorimetry test, it was observed that the glass transition temperature was tinily influenced with the incorporation of commoner. The incorporation of P‐N comonomer into PS backbone did not lead to negative effect on the glass transition behavior of PS.

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Synthesis of a Novel P/N/S-Containing Flame Retardant and Its Application in Epoxy Resin: Thermal Property, Flame Retardance, and Pyrolysis Behavior

Cited by 204 publications

References 41 publications

A highly efficient gas-dominated and water-resistant flame retardant for non-charring polypropylene

A highly efficient gas-dominated and water-resistant flame retardant for non-charring polypropylene

Flame‐retardant performance and mechanism of epoxy thermosets modified with a novel reactive flame retardant containing phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur

Preparation and thermal properties of a novel core‐shell structure flame‐retardant copolymer

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