Synthesis of a novel PEPA-substituted polyphosphoramide with high char residues and its performance as an intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resins

Zhao, Wei; Liu, Jiping; Peng, Hui; Liao, Jiaying; Wang, Xiaojun

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.04.023

Cited by 139 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Fig. 1 (benzene ring), 1230 cm -1 (P=O), 1105 cm -1 (P-O-C), 995 cm -1 (P-N) [7]. Therefore, the chemical structure of BPCDC was verified.…”

Section: Structural Characterizations Of Bpcdcmentioning

confidence: 81%

Synthesis of a Self-intumescent Flame Retardant of Branched Polyphosphoramide and Its Performance for Epoxy Resins

Zhang¹,

Liu²,

Li³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 2017 6th International Conference on Measurement, Instrumentation and Automation (ICMIA 2017)

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Abstract.A novel self-intumescent flame retardant of branched polyphosphoramide (BPCDC), was synthesized by the solution polymerization. The chemical structure of BPCDC has been demonstrated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the flame-retardant properties of EP/BPCDC composites was investigated by vertical burning (UL-94), limiting oxygen index (LOI), and the cone calorimeter (CONE) test. The results rereveal that the BPCDC could effectively improve the flame-retardant performance of EP, When the 15 wt % BPCDC loading, the EP composite reached an LOI value of 32.9 % and a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test, and the peak of heat release rate and total heat release value was decreased by 54.8 % and 42.7%, respectively. The flame retardancy properties of EP/BPCDC composites with APP was also investigated, and the test results rereveal that BPCDC have a synergistic effect with APP in flame-retardant epoxy resins.

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“…Fig. 1 (benzene ring), 1230 cm -1 (P=O), 1105 cm -1 (P-O-C), 995 cm -1 (P-N) [7]. Therefore, the chemical structure of BPCDC was verified.…”

Section: Structural Characterizations Of Bpcdcmentioning

confidence: 81%

Synthesis of a Self-intumescent Flame Retardant of Branched Polyphosphoramide and Its Performance for Epoxy Resins

Zhang¹,

Liu²,

Li³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 2017 6th International Conference on Measurement, Instrumentation and Automation (ICMIA 2017)

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“…The char layer could effectively slow down the heat and mass transfer, and providing better heat insulation in both gaseous and condensed phase.Furthermore, holes and cracks existed in the interior of residual char. During combustion, volatiles and bubbles could agitate the melted EP and cooperate with residual char formation [8]. Gaseous volatiles were also released, contributing to a foaming process during combustion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Spirocyclic Halogen-Free Flame Retardant: Synthesis and Flammability Characteristics in Epoxy Resin Composites

Li¹,

Liu²,

Zhao³

2015

Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Advanced Engineering Materials and Technology

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Abstract. A novel spirocyclic halogen-free flame retardant ISCP was successfully synthesized, and its structure was confirmed by FTIR, 1 H NMR, and 31 P NMR. Results of LOI, UL-94, and CONE tests demonstrated that the ISCP effectively enhanced flame retardancy of EP composites, which could improve the LOI value from 19.5 to 36.8, pass the UL-94 V-0 rating when 20 wt.% ISCP was added, and CONE tests suggested that ISCP could decrease the PHRR and THR remarkably. TGA tests revealed that during the combustion, ISCP could increase the amount of residual char. SEM morphologies indicated that ISCP greatly facilitated the char-forming process and generated uniform and compact intumescent char layer, leading to EP with improved flame retardancy.

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“…PEPA-substituted polyphosphoramide (PSA) (Fig. 1) were prepared through solution polycondensation, according to the procedure in reported literature [10]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous work, we have prepared a novel PEPA-substituted polyphosphoramide (PSA), which could impact epoxy resins both high flame retardancy and glass transition temperature [10]. In a continuing effort to develop flame retardant epoxy resins for practical application, we study the flame retardancy and thermal degradation process of EP/PSA composites through PCFC, dynamic FTIR in the condensed phase activity, and kinetics of thermal degradation in non-isothermal conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardancy and thermal degradation mechanism of epoxy resins composites based on a PEPA-substituted polyphosphoramide

Zhao¹,

Liu²

2015

Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Advanced Engineering Materials and Technology

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Abstract. A series of flame retardant epoxy resin composites with different content of PEPA-substituted polyphosphoramide (PSA) were prepared. The flame retardancy of EP/PSA composites was evaluated by UL-94 vertical burning test and the pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC). With the incorporation of 20 wt% PSA, the EP/PSA composites could reach the UL-94 V-0 rating and remarkable reduction of heat release rate could be observed. The thermal degradation mechanisms of the EP/PSA composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). FTIR analysis indicated that PSA could catalysis the decomposition of EP at lower temperature. The thermal degradation kinetics results of EP and EP/PSA composites by the Kissinger method showed that the apparent activation energy (E a ) reduced with incorporation of PSA, which indicated PSA could efficiently catalysis and promote the char forming process of EP.

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Synthesis of a novel PEPA-substituted polyphosphoramide with high char residues and its performance as an intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resins

Cited by 139 publications

References 62 publications

Synthesis of a Self-intumescent Flame Retardant of Branched Polyphosphoramide and Its Performance for Epoxy Resins

Synthesis of a Self-intumescent Flame Retardant of Branched Polyphosphoramide and Its Performance for Epoxy Resins

A Novel Spirocyclic Halogen-Free Flame Retardant: Synthesis and Flammability Characteristics in Epoxy Resin Composites

Flame retardancy and thermal degradation mechanism of epoxy resins composites based on a PEPA-substituted polyphosphoramide

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