Synthesis of a novel polymeric magnetic solid phase extraction adsorbent for selective extraction of amphetamine from urine samples coupled with high performance liquid chromatography

Abstract

A novel pH-responsive block copolymer (Poly ethylene glycol-b-poly (N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate-co-maleic acid) was designed for the decoration and stabilization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as an efficient magnetic nano adsorbent for extraction of amphetamine (AM) from biological urine samples to be determined by high performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet detector (HPLC-UV). Full characterization of the synthesized polymeric magnetic nanoparticles (PMNPs) were followed by various techniques like Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Important extraction parameters including pH, amount of sample volume, amount of adsorbent, type and amount of extraction organic solvent, time of extraction and desorption, agitation rate (rpm), and ionic strength of the extraction medium were studied and optimized. Under optimized extraction conditions, good linearity was observed in the concentration range of 30-2000 ng/mL for AM. The amount of the q was calculated as 0.18 (mg/g). The method was applied in determination of AM from positive urine samples with the recovery of 99.84%. Results indicated that the proposed method could be applied in clinical and forensic laboratories for simple, selective, and fast determination of AM from urine samples.

Innovative Solid-Phase Extraction Strategies for Improving the Advanced Chromatographic Determination of Drugs in Challenging Biological Samples

“…The researchers attributed this observation to the increase in ionization of carboxylic acid groups on the pH-responsive magnetic NPs, followed by an increase in the negative charge density of the NPs, which facilitates the interaction of positively charged amphetamines with the negatively charged sites on the NPs. The HPLC-UV analysis in the study exhibited a 99.84% recovery rate of amphetamine from urine samples [83].…”

“…Taghvimi et al developed and characterized a novel pH-responsive magnetic NP as an efficient smart adsorbent for the extraction of amphetamine from human urine samples [83]. In this case, block copolymer poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly(N,N-dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate-co-maleic acid) was used as a pH-sensitive block copolymer for stabilizing and coating a magnetic adsorbent.…”

A Comprehensive Review on Developed Pharmaceutical Analysis Methods by Iranian Analysts in 2018

“…Similar works were performed for simultaneous extraction of morphine and codeine in the serum and blood samples after extraction by using magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 )/rGO/silver nano-composite (Ag NC) (with reported level of 0.610 -1.075 µg L -1 for morphine and 0.746 -1.124 µg L -1 for codeine in blood samples of addicted person to opium), 110 for determination of baclofen in spiked urine samples after extraction with superparamagnetic molecularly imprinted biopolymer (SMIBP), 111 for simultaneous determination of dasatinib, erlotinib, and nilotinib in spiked plasma, serum and urine samples after extraction by using bio-inspired magnetic sorbent doped melamine-phytate supermolecular aggregate (Fe 3 O 4 / MPA) applied for UA-DMSPE, 112 for determination of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine in spiked plasma samples after extraction by poly (paraphenylenediamine)-modified Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (PpPDA/Fe 3 O 4 ), 113 for determination of rivaroxaban in spiked plasma and urine samples after extraction with a high generation thermo-sensitive dendrimer of magnetic nanoparticles/ poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/ G10 4-amino-2,3-dimethyl-1phenyl-3-pyrazoline-5-one (MNPs/PNIPAAm/G10-ADMPhP) nanocomposite, 114 for determination of chlordiazepoxide in spiked urine samples after extraction with a magnetic MIP, 115 for determination of letrozole in spiked plasma and urine after extraction with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)/ polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated dendrimer, 116 and for determination of amphetamine in spiked urine samples after extraction by using a magnetic block copolymer (poly ethylene glycolb-poly (N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate-co-maleic acid) (magnetic PEG-b-P(DMAEMA-co-MA)). 117…”

Simultaneous Determination of 16 Kinds of Synthetic Cathinones in Human Urine Using a Magnetic Nanoparticle Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

“…The magnetic sorbents are directly dispersed in sample solution instead of packing in a cartridge, and then gathered with external magnetic field. This process is time saving, low cost and environmentally friendly [16]. MSPE has been widely applied in environmental pollutant analysis [17] and drug analysis [18], especially magnetic carbon nanoparticles as the adsorbent [19].…”