Synthesis of a photocurable acrylated poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(xylitol sebacate) copolymers hydrogel 3D printing ink for tissue engineering

Abstract

A novel acrylated poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(xylitol sebacate) (PEXS-A) hydrogel for 3D printing ink and cell encapsulation for tissue engineering application.

Ink-jet 3D printing as a strategy for developing bespoke non-eluting biofilm resistant medical devices

“…E) Cytotoxicity and cell attachment biocompatibility tests on the printed samples were carried out using mouse embryonic fibroblast 3T3 cells to assess biocompatibility of the printed device; F) Attenuation Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-IR) was used to quantify the levels of residual acrylate in the specimens made from different ink formulations; G) Mechanical tests were performed by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) in tension mode at room temperature; H) Formulations resulting in desirable properties were tested in vivo to ensure that the cell instructive properties were retained in a more complex environment; I-J) The finalized ink formulations were used to print concept devices. speeds (Supplementary Table S2) as it is known that these could influence final product performance [38,39]. Both Norrish type I (nitrogen environment) and Norrish type II (air environment) initiators were evaluated with respect to compatibility of the formulations when processing in different environments.…”

Inkjet based 3D Printing of bespoke medical devices that resist bacterial biofilm formation

“…From this we selected two materials that showed the greatest promise for successful printing and proceeded to optimise the formulations ready for scale up [25][26][27][28] ( Supplementary Table S1): tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decanedimethanol diacrylate (TCDMDA) and ethylene glycol dicyclopentenyl ether acrylate (EGDPEA). Sixteen formulations were then investigated where the photoinitiator and the candidate monomers were combined covering a breadth of utility in different environments and potential reaction speeds (Supplementary Table S2) as both could influence the product performance [22,[29][30][31] . Both Norrish type I (nitrogen environment) and Norrish type II (air environment) initiators were evaluated with respect to compatibility of the formulations when processing in different environments.…”

“…Curing was assessed by observing whether a 3D printed material was self-supporting. 17.2 [30] 36.5 [30] 1. [29] 35.8 [30] 1.…”

“…17.2 [30] 36.5 [30] 1. [29] 35.8 [30] 1. [30] 25.9 [30] 0.885 * 14.62 Not stable × *data from Sigma-Aldrich…”

3D Printing and Bioprinting Nerve Conduits for Neural Tissue Engineering

“…It is commonly used to modify the polymer precursors of hydrogels with photopolymerizable functional groups. Wang et al [60] synthesized acrylated poly (ethylene glycol) -co-poly (xylitol sebacate) copolymers hydrogel 3D printing ink, which can be cross-linked by photopolymerization. According to the source, hydrogels can be divided into natural hydrogels, synthetic hydrogels, and more complex components composite hydrogels [21].…”