Ionic liquids (ILs) are outstanding microwave-absorbing agents due to their high ionic conductivity and polarizability, thus leading to a high heating rate and considerably shortened reaction time. In this study, a series of novel chiral poly(amide-imide) (PAI) nanostructures with hydroxyphenyl pendant units in the side chain were prepared with excellent yields via a simple microwave heating method using molten tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as a molten IL and triphenyl phosphite as the condensing agent. The polymerization proceeded well in molten TBAB and PAIs were obtained with high yields and moderate inherent viscosities ranging from 0.32 to 0.49 dL/g. The obtained PAIs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, specific rotation, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, and in some cases by 1 H NMR technique. The FE-SEM micrographs and XRD showed that the synthesized PAIs were nanostructured and amorphous polymers that nanosize particles are in the range of 66-78 nm. The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the size of polymer particles was also investigated. The transparent and flexible thin films based on PAI nanostructures were obtained by a casting technique, and their properties were studied. C