Synthesis of Aluminum Phosphate-Coated Halloysite Nanotubes: Effects on Morphological, Mechanical, and Rheological Properties of PEO/PBAT Blends

Abstract

Polymer blending has been widely used to fabricate polymeric films in the last decade due to its superior properties to a single component. In this study, an aluminum phosphate-coated halloysite nanotube (HNTs@AlPO4) was fabricated using a one-pot heterogeneous precipitation method, organically modified HNTs@AlPO4 (o-HNTs@AlPO4) was used to improve the performance of polyethylene oxide/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PEO/PBAT) blends, and the mechanical and rheological properties of the PEO/PBAT/o-HNTs@AlPO4 films were systematically discussed. According to our results, there is an optimal addition for adequate AlPO4 nanoparticle dispersion and coating on the surface of HNTs, and organic modification could improve the interfacial compatibility of HNTs@AlPO4 and the polymeric matrix. Moreover, o-HNTs@AlPO4 may serve as a compatibilizer between PEO and PBAT, and PEO/PBAT/o-HNTs@AlPO4 films have better mechanical and rheological properties than the PEO/PBAT blends without the o-HNTs@AlPO4 component.

Preparation and properties of vermiculite modified by triphenylbutylphosphonium bromide and PBAT composite film

“…of increasing under the action of the shear force with higher storage and loss modulus, which embodies the melt-enhanced effect of the inorganic particles. 37 In Figure 9C1, the complex viscosity of P4@VMT/PBAT composite films decreases with the increase of shear rate, and the phenomenon of "shear thinning" appears, which indicates that the VMT/PBAT composite films belong to the pseudo-plastic fluid, and the increase of the reaction and entanglement structure of P4 and PBAT makes it difficult for the fluidity of the polymer chains. 36 In Figure 9D1, compared with pure PBAT, the addition of P4@VMT decreases the loss factor and increases the viscoelasticity of the P4@VMT/PBAT composite film.…”

“…Compared to pure PBAT, the complex viscosity of P4@VMT/PBAT melts exhibits a stronger tendency to shear thinning at all frequencies. It can be seen in Figure 9 that the energy storage modulus, loss modulus and complex viscosity of the P4@VMT/PBAT composite films increased with the increase of P4@VMT content, indicating the formation of an entangled structure between the PBAT chains and the P4@VMT, 36 and that the P4@VMT provided the physical entanglement points of the molecular chains of the melted matrix, the higher the P4@VMT content, the greater the degree of entanglement and the more entanglement points, resulting in the movement of the matrix PBAT melt molecular chain segments being constrained, the flow obstruction of the melt becoming larger, and the matrix melt consuming more energy when flowing, resulting in the P4@VMT/PBAT composite film's storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity presenting the phenomenon of increasing under the action of the shear force with higher storage and loss modulus, which embodies the melt‐enhanced effect of the inorganic particles 37 . In Figure 9C1, the complex viscosity of P4@VMT/PBAT composite films decreases with the increase of shear rate, and the phenomenon of “shear thinning” appears, which indicates that the VMT/PBAT composite films belong to the pseudo‐plastic fluid, and the increase of the reaction and entanglement structure of P4 and PBAT makes it difficult for the fluidity of the polymer chains 36 .…”

Preparation and properties of silane coupling agent modified vermiculite and its composite films

“…As the content of VMT and OVMT increases, the storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity of VMT/PBAT and OVMT/PBAT composite films also increase, indicating the formation of an entanglement structure between PBAT chains and VMT/OVMT 28 . The higher the VMT and OVMT content, the greater the degree of entanglement and the greater the number of entanglement points, resulting in constrained molecular chain movement of the PBAT melt matrix, greater impediments to melt flow, and more energy consumed by the matrix melt during flow, resulting in increased energy storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity of the VMT/PBAT and OVMT/PBAT composite films under shear, with higher storage and loss moduli, reflecting the melt enhancement effect of inorganic particles 29 . In Figure 8D and D1, as the frequency increases, the tanδ of VMT/PBAT and OVMT/PBAT increases first and then decreases, this is because in the low frequency region, the formation of molecular chain entanglement points is greater than the untangling effect, and the viscous effect gradually dominates, when the frequency continues to increase, the higher shear rate accelerates the relaxation of molecular chains to accelerate, and the untangling of the entanglement points occurs 30 .…”

Fabrication of High Mechanical Properties and Wear: Resistance UHMWPE/PP Composites by Incorporating SiC Nanoparticles under a Consecutive Elongational Flow

“…Many strategies have been developed to improve the compatibility of blends, such as adding reactive polymers, block copolymers and functional nano-particles [12][13][14]. Among them, the unique properties of nano-particles have promoted a great deal of interest to improve the compatibility of blends and explore advanced multifunctional materials [15,16]. The silicon carbide nanoparticles (nano-SiC), possessing high hardness, resistance to abrasion, high thermal conductivity along with unique nanometer effect have been used as wear resistance modifier or thermal conductivity filler for the enhanced function of polymer composites [17,18].…”