Synthesis of Amidoxime Adsorbent by Radiation-Induced Grafting of Acrylonitrile/Acrylic Acid on Polyethylene Film and Its Application in Pb Removal

Abstract

In the aquatic environment, heavy metals such as lead ions Pb (II) are of particular importance. These are due to Pb (II) being toxic at concentrations over 0.01 mg/L, when taken continuously over an extended length of time. Organs including the heart, gut, and kidneys are seriously harmed by Pb (II) intoxication. The neurological, reproductive, and bone systems are also affected. The removal of Pb (II) from aquatic environments is, therefore, crucial. Low density Polyethylene (LDPE) is grafted by radiation with Acrylonitrile and acrylic acid (PE-g-AN/AAc) for the adsorption of Pb (II). Factors that control the grafting process for optimum conditions, such as the effect of solvents, the air atmosphere, inhibitors, comonomer concentration, and composition and irradiation dose, are studied to obtain a high grafting yield without homopolymer formation and a higher water uptake. The results showed that the addition of 2.5% by wt% ferric chloride salt effectively inhibits homoploymerization of a mixture of 30% methanol and 70% H2O used as a solvent in nitrogen. The highest graft yield obtained was 320% at a 25 kGy radiation dose with an 80/20 monomer composition and 60% comonomer concentration. The resulting composite films were characterized by XRD to analyze the dispersion properties of the material, SEM for the surface morphology, FTIR analysis for the functional groups, TGA, DSC for the thermal stability and elongation, and tensile strength for the mechanical properties. The uptake of Pb (II) from lead nitrate aqueous solution by (PE-g-AN/AAc) was observed under different conditions of the degree of grafting, contact time, metal ion concentration, and pH. The results obtained suggest LDPE-g-p (AN/AAc) as a superabsorbent for the Pb (II) ion’s removal from an aqueous solution.

Composite Proton-Conducting Membrane with Enhanced Phosphoric Acid Doping of Basic Films Radiochemically Grafted with Binary Vinyl Heterocyclic Monomer Mixtures

“…Therefore, a synergistic effect in the grafting process of 4-VP/1-VIm binary mixture onto ETFE film took place. This trend goes along with the observation reported in the literature for RIG of acrylonitrile and acrylic acid binary mixture onto PE film [ 46 ]. However, the increase in the concentration of 1-VIm was observed to cause a decrease in DG.…”

Polymer Grafting and its chemical reactions

“…In the 1980s, synthetic chemists became interested in the possibility of creating new conducting polymers with preferred and enhanced characteristics. (Khedr, 2022) . Since then, numerous conducting polymers and their derivatives have been synthesized.…”

Radiation-Grafting on Polypropylene Copolymer Membranes for Using in Cadmium Adsorption

“…The grafted and treated membranes were submerged in distilled water to determine their weight for various degrees of grafting and after being taken out of the water at various intervals until 24 h. They were then weighed and bottled using absorbent paper to remove the droplets on the surface. The following equation was used to compute the value of the water uptake for each degree of grafting [ 31 ]: where Wd and Ws represent the weights of the dry and wet membranes, respectively.…”

“…Additionally, some investigations were conducted on the characteristics of the polymeric synthesized membranes and their applications, such as mechanical analyses, thermal analyses, XRD, and SEM, which showed good results [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”