Synthesis of ammonia directly from wet air using new perovskite oxide La0.8Cs0.2Fe0.8Ni0.2O3-δ as catalyst

Electrochemical ammonia synthesis from steam and nitrogen using proton conducting yttrium doped barium zirconate electrolyte with silver, platinum, and lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite electrocatalyst

“…Table 1 lists a collection of ammonia formation rates and Faraday efficiency obtained for ceramic electrolytes. As shown in Table 1, It is seen that the BZY electrolyte supported cell shows a similar ammonia formation rate and Faraday efficiency to cases reported in the literature using (Li,Na,K)CO 3 -Gd 0.2 Ce 0.8 O 2Àd electrolyte with perovskite (1.2e1.8 Â 10 À10 mol cm À2 s À1 ) and spinel oxide (6.5 Â 10 À11 mol cm À2 s À1 ) electrocatalysts [12,20,21] and Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 2Àd electrolyte with platinum (3.6 Â 10 À11 mol cm À2 s À1 ) electrocatalyst [22]. On the contrary, SrCe 0.95 Yb 0.05 O 3Àd electrolyte with ruthenium (9.1 Â 10 À14 mol cm À2 s À1 ) electrocatalyst shows about three orders of magnitudes lower ammonia formation rate than this study.…”

“…On the other hand, the cell with the Ag electrocatalyst shows negligible changes in the impedance spectra. Even though perovskite oxides, such as LSCF, Pr 0.6 Ba 0.4 Fe 0.8 Cu 0.2 O 3Àd [12], and La 0.8 Cs 0.2 Fe 0.8 Ni 0.2 O 3Àd [20] show the highest ammonia formation rate about 10 À10 mol cm À2 s À1 , the result obtained in this study suggests that the use of these oxides might be restricted due to their rather poor stability. It is worth noting that Ag electrocatalyst is found to be stable under ammonia synthesis condition showing comparable ammonia formation rate with above oxides.…”

Ammonia synthesis at atmospheric pressure in a BaCe0.2Zr0.7Y0.1O2.9 solid electrolyte cell

“…Thus, hydrogen sources that could eliminate natural gas could reduce the overall cost of ammonia production [1,2]. To this end, the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia from H 2 O, rather than H 2 , has been reported by various research groups in either liquid or solid electrolyte cells [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia Directly from Wet N2Using La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Cu0.2O3-δ-Ce0.8Gd0.18Ca0.02O2-δComposite Catalyst

“…At 375 • C, only one semicircle and a diagonal line with an angle of ∼45 • were observed at high and low frequency respectively, and the circuit shown in Figure 5b was used for data fitting. 13,34,35 These charged ions will move under the presence of electric filed and accumulate at the electrolyte/electrode interfaces forming a charged layer, thus may partially block the transfer of oxygen ions (O 2− ), resulting in low current densities. The circuit shown in Figure 5c was used for data fitting.…”