Synthesis of anthraquinone-based electroactive polymers: a critical review

Zarren, Gul; Nisar, Bushra; Sher, Farooq

doi:10.1016/j.mtsust.2019.100019

Cited by 59 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The development of polymer nanocomposites has produced a new class of materials with superior mechanical, thermal, and transport properties . These properties depend on several factors, such as the polymer synthesis method, the mixing process, and the nanoreinforcement . In this regard, Cordero et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 The development of polymer nanocomposites has produced a new class of materials with superior mechanical, 13 thermal, 14 and transport properties. 15 These properties depend on several factors, such as the polymer synthesis method, 16,17 the mixing process, 18 and the nanoreinforcement. 13 In this regard, Cordero et al 19 found that the incorporation of a small amount of nanocellulose obtained by hydrolysis can have a substantial improvement of the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams (PUFs) synthesized from castor oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compressive behavior of rigid polyurethane foams nanostructured with bacterial nanocellulose at low and intermediate strain rates

Chiacchiarelli

Cerrutti

Flores‐Johnson

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Nanocellulose reinforced foams are lightweight with improved mechanical properties; however, the strain‐rate effect on their mechanical response is not yet fully understood. In this work, rigid polyurethane foams (PUFs) nanostructured with bacterial nanocellulose at 0.2 wt % (BNCF) and without it (PUF) are synthesized and subjected to compression tests at different strain rates. The BNC acts as a nucleation agent, reducing the cell size but maintaining a similar apparent density of 40.4 ± 3.3 kg m−3. Both BNCF and PUF exhibit strain‐rate effect on yield stress and densification strain. The BNCF exhibits localized progressive crushing and reduced friability, causing a remarkable recovery in the transverse direction. Numerical simulations show that functionally graded foams subjected to impact could be designed using different layers of PUF and BNCF to vary energy absorption and acceleration rate. The results presented herein warrant further research of the mechanical properties of nanostructured foams for impact applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48701.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressive behavior of rigid polyurethane foams nanostructured with bacterial nanocellulose at low and intermediate strain rates

Chiacchiarelli

Cerrutti

Flores‐Johnson

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Nevertheless, the compatibility issue was widely acknowledged to be one of the toughest problems in our research . The hydrophilic natural macromolecule materials have inherently lower compatibility with hydrophobic polymer matrices, and this incompatibility may cause problems in processing and properties of composite, particularly in these studies have no particularly pronounced toughening effect on PBS . Therefore, further studies on the modification of PBS are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Compatibility and mechanical properties of gelatin‐filled polybutylene succinate composites

Zhang

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) with small size (200 nm) have been prepared by two-step solvent removal method using glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. The formation mechanism and characteristics were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Polybutylene succinate/gelatin (PBS/GEL) and polybutylene succinate/nanogelatin (PBS/GNPs) composites by solvent hybridization were prepared. The dispersion of GEL/GNPs in the composites was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the hybrid mechanism of GEL, GNPs, and PBS was explored. The results of FTIR and XPS indicated that the ─OH of GNPs was easier to obtain hydrogen bond with PBS. The swelling test showed that the swelling degree of PBS/GEL, PBS/GNPs reached 253 AE 8.65% and 308 AE 10.3% due to their good compatibility. Compared with pure PBS, especially when the ratio of PBS:GNPs was 1:0.75, the crystallinity of PBS/GNPs composites reached 36.43 AE 5.7%, the elongation at break and tensile strength were 49.0 AE 2.94% and 33.3 AE 2.62 MPa, respectively. Overall, GNPs have played an active role in the heterogeneous nucleation of PBS matrix.

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“…Polymerized anthraquinones probably make up the major share of described quinone‐based polymeric electrode materials. Unfortunately, the materials are almost exclusively available from petrochemical resources, with the most sustainable production route from anthracene, derived from coal tar and thus from a (not biomass‐based) waste material. Whereas pure anthraquinone can be found in nature in the form of the extremely rare mineral hoelite, several substituted anthraquinones have also been obtained by extracting biomass.…”

Section: Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Battery Materials from Biomass

Liedel

2020

ChemSusChem

143

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Sustainable sources of energy have been identified as a possible way out of today's oil dependency and are being rapidly developed. In contrast, storage of energy to a large extent still relies on heavy metals in batteries. Especially when built from biomass‐derived organics, organic batteries are promising alternatives and pave the way towards truly sustainable energy storage. First described in 2008, research on biomass‐derived electrodes has been taken up by a multitude of researchers worldwide. Nowadays, in principle, electrodes in batteries could be composed of all kinds of carbonized and noncarbonized biomass: On one hand, all kinds of (waste) biomass may be carbonized and used in anodes of lithium‐ or sodium‐ion batteries, cathodes in metal–sulfur or metal–oxygen batteries, or as conductive additives. On the other hand, a plethora of biomolecules, such as quinones, flavins, or carboxylates, contain redox‐active groups that can be used as redox‐active components in electrodes with very little chemical modification. Biomass‐based binders can replace toxic halogenated commercial binders to enable a truly sustainable future of energy storage devices. Besides the electrodes, electrolytes and separators may also be synthesized from biomass. In this Review, recent research progress in this rapidly emerging field is summarized with a focus on potentially fully biowaste‐derived batteries.

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Synthesis of anthraquinone-based electroactive polymers: a critical review

Cited by 59 publications

References 79 publications

Compressive behavior of rigid polyurethane foams nanostructured with bacterial nanocellulose at low and intermediate strain rates

Compressive behavior of rigid polyurethane foams nanostructured with bacterial nanocellulose at low and intermediate strain rates

Compatibility and mechanical properties of gelatin‐filled polybutylene succinate composites

Sustainable Battery Materials from Biomass

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