Synthesis of biocompatible and highly photoluminescent nitrogen doped carbon dots from lime: Analytical applications and optimization using response surface methodology

Selective and sensitive chemosensor for lead ions using fluorescent carbon dots prepared from chocolate by one-step hydrothermal method

“…While the peak centered at 2948 cm −1 was ascribed to the stretching vibrations of C-H [38]. It is found that the as-prepared CDs are surrounded by -OH groups which make the obtained CDs not only display excellent water solubility but also easily coordinate with some metal ions [39]. Meanwhile, it can be clearly seen that the maximum emission intensity was centered at 354 nm with an excitation wavelength of 280 nm.…”

Characterization and Analytical Separation of Fluorescent Carbon Nanodots

“…In the case of IR analysis of C-dots samples, apart from the evaluation of hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O) functional groups on the C-dots surface [41,49,69,127], IR is also able to examine the doping of heteroatoms into the C-dots framework. Important examples include the identification of the presence of amide/amine (-CN/NH 2 ) [15,20,21,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], alkyl sulfide (C-S) [33,[46][47][48][49], organosiloxane (Si-OSi/Si-O-C) [89,127,140,141], phosphates (P=O and P-O-R) [38,49,93], and boronic acid (B-O and B-N) [114,142,143] moieties attached on the surface of C-dots, providing evidence for introduction of nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), and boron (B) heteroatoms into Cdots. The merits of this technique for the characterization of surface functionalization of C-dots are being low cost, simple, rapid, and easy for sample preparation.…”

“…In general, the synthetic methods for C-dots include arcdischarge [2], electrochemical oxidation [3][4][5], laser ablation [6][7][8][9], hydrothermal synthesis [10][11][12][13][14][15], pyrolysis [16][17][18][19], microwave-assisted heating [20][21][22][23][24][25][26], plasma treatment [27], neutralization heating [28], and sonication treatment [29] (Scheme 1). All these synthetic methods allow, up to some extent, preparing moderately high-quality C-dots with relatively high PL performance and small size.…”

“…However, some of these synthetic methods suffer from limitations such as time-consuming treatment process, requirement of strong acids for catalysis, high energy consumption, and complex equipment set-up. Recently, there is a considerable interest in developing labor, material, and energy efficient synthetic methods for C-dots such as carbonization of naturally available bioresources [15,19,24,26,27,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], preparation with low heating temperature [38], and synthesis without external heating [39,40]. In addition, the flexibility in modification and functionalization of the C-dots surface has opened many possibilities in the incorporation of heteroatoms such as nitrogen [15,20,21,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], sulfur [33,[46][47][48][49], phosphorous [39,49], and silane [50] into C-dots framework to enhance the PL properties of C-dots.…”

Hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots with real-time live-cell imaging and blood–brain barrier penetration capabilities

“…12,13 For instance, Wang et al used CDs as a drug delivery system for doxorubicin (DOX), which produced a pH-controlled DOX release. 14 Recently, an in vitro study demonstrated that CDs can potently inhibit insulin fibrillation, which is associated with neurological diseases.…”