Synthesis of biodiesel from kesambi (Schleichera oleosa L.) oil using carbon nanotube-supported zinc oxide heterogeneous catalyst

Asri, Nyoman Puspa; Saraswati, Rahaju; Hindarso, Herman; Puspitasari, Diah Agustina; Suprapto, Suprapto

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/749/1/012048

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Therefore, nanocatalysts are increasingly playing a crucial role in the energy and environmental fields. Multiwall carbon nanocatalyst tube (MWCNT)-supported zinc oxide (ZnO/MWCNT) nanocatalysts were synthesized and reported for biodiesel production from Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa L.) Oil by Asri et al [139,140]. The results showed that the biodiesel yield was 41.9% under the optimum conditions (catalyst loading of 4 wt%, MeOH:oil ratio of 15:1, temperature of 65 • C, and time of 300 min).…”

Section: Derived Heterogenous Catalysts: Nanocatalysts/magnetic Catal...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Catalysts for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification

Wang

Shukla

et al. 2023

Catalysts

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With the rapid development of industry and the increasing demand for transportation, traditional sources of energy have been excessively consumed. Biodiesel as an alternative energy source has become a research focus. The most common method for biodiesel production is transesterification, in which lipid and low carbon alcohol are commonly used as raw materials, in the presence of a catalyst. In the process of transesterification, the performance of the catalyst is the key factor of the biodiesel yield. This paper reviews the recent research progress on homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in biodiesel production. The advantages and disadvantages of current homogeneous acid catalysts and homogeneous base catalysts are discussed, and heteropolyacid heterogeneous catalysts and biomass-derived base catalysts are described. The applications of the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst derivatives ionic liquids/deep eutectic solvents and nanocatalysts/magnetic catalysts in biodiesel production are reviewed. The mechanism and economic cost of current homogeneous acid catalysts and homogeneous base catalysts are also analyzed. The unique advantages of each type of catalyst are compared to better understand the microscopic details behind biodiesel. Finally, some challenges of current biodiesel catalysts are summarized, and future research directions are presented. This review will provide general and in-depth knowledge on the achievements, directions, and research priorities in developing novel homogeneous/heterogeneous catalysts for the green and cost-effective production of biodiesel.

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Section: Derived Heterogenous Catalysts: Nanocatalysts/magnetic Catal...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Catalysts for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification

Wang

Shukla

et al. 2023

Catalysts

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“…At a temperature above 500 °C, weight loss becomes similar. The volatile mass of khat was developed before 400 °C temperature conditions [45]. TGA of khat waste results at 10 °C/min and 20 °C/min heating rates, as depicted in Figure 8.…”

Section: Analysis Of Khat Waste Using Fourier Transformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Plant‐Derived Khat Waste for Environmental Application

Afessa¹,

Saka²,

Jule³

et al. 2022

Journal of Nanomaterials

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This research is based on the characterization of khat waste (Catha edulis) through the use of some experimental approaches required to produce a clean, renewable energy source that could enhance our environmental economy as well as our energy security. The objective of this article is to characterize the pyrolysis khat waste in both proximate and ultimate analysis, thermal decomposition (weight loss of khat), and functional categories of khat waste, by using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine the functional group of a sample. We also used an elemental analyzer device (model: Thermo Scientific–EA1112 FLASH CHNS/O analyzer) to measure elemental composition, characterize the proximate analysis of khat, and measure weight loss or thermal behavior of raw khat sample by using a device called thermogravimetric analyzer (TA instrument model: SDT Q600). The determined characterization of the khat sample was 48.25 percent carbon, 6.16 percent hydrogen, 45.13 percent oxygen, and 0.46 percent nitrogen. When compared to coal, khat contains extremely little nitrogen, resulting in less environmental contamination to the air than fossil fuel combustion. The proximate analysis results of the khat sample also showed 5 percent and 5.26 percent moisture content for both wet and dry bases, respectively, as well as 76.3 percent volatile matter, 4.8 percent ash content, and 13.83 percent fixed carbon. The findings are discussed in this research by comparing the final value results with other biomass and coil. The functional group of khat waste was studied using a spectrum of (65 Perkin Elmer) at wavelength ranges of 4000 to 400 cm-1. The weight loss of the khat sample at 700°C and a heating rate of 20°C/min, as well as the proximate analysis of this raw khat, were 4.5 percent, 75.84 percent, 5.38 percent, and 14.28 percent for moisture, unstable substance, ash content, and static carbon, respectively. The differences between TGA values and the projected proximal value were 10%, 0.6 percent, 9.47 percent, and 3.15 percent for moisture, volatile matter, as content, and fixed carbon, respectively. Overall, the benefit we get from pyrolysis of khat waste is that khat waste has very low nitrogen content and empty sulfur, which is very important for reducing air pollution and environmental sanitation when used as fuel. So from pyrolysis, khat waste types of fuel such as biochar, liquid fuel, and gas fuel can be obtained.

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