Synthesis of biodiesel from low FFA waste frying oil using calcium oxide derived from Mereterix mereterix as a heterogeneous catalyst

Nair, Praful R.; Singh, Bhaskar; Upadhyay, S.N.; Sharma, Yogesh Chandra

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.01.039

Cited by 112 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) is the most widely employed technique for general crystalline material characterization because it allows the identification of crystalline phases in bulk materials and the determination of crystallite size and shape from diffraction peak characteristics [53] [54]. Liu et al [55] and Li et al [56] respectively investigated an activated carbide slag and calcined carbide slag waste reuse for biodiesel production from peanut and soybean oil with methanol.…”

Section: Analytical Approaches For Cao/mgo Based Catalyst Activity Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deactivation Processes, Regeneration Conditions and Reusability Performance of CaO or MgO Based Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production—A Review

Oueda¹,

Bonzi-Coulibaly²,

Ouédraogo³

2017

MSA

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The activity of a catalyst in transestrification reaction usually declines with repeated uses and this limits the possibility to use it many times. This paper presents a review of various techniques used to evaluate the activity changes, the recycling processes for calcium and magnesium oxides based heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. The activity of calcium and magnesium oxides based catalysts declines due to leaching, surface or active sites poisoning by reactant or product molecules and modification of physical aspects. Physico-chemical methods (AAS, BET, CO 2 -TPD, EDS, FTIR, ICP-AES, SEM, TG/DTA and XRD) were used to check the catalyst modification and to confirm the deactivation. When separated from the reaction mixture by filtration, the catalyst could be reused without any treatment or recycled by washing, drying or/and recalcination. Between various recycling processes for calcium and magnesium oxides based catalysts, mixed oxides showed less leaching and performed FAME or FAEE yield >90% with reusability.

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Section: Analytical Approaches For Cao/mgo Based Catalyst Activity Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deactivation Processes, Regeneration Conditions and Reusability Performance of CaO or MgO Based Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production—A Review

Oueda¹,

Bonzi-Coulibaly²,

Ouédraogo³

2017

MSA

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“…They were crushed using a hammer and sieved to a size of 2 mm to 4 mm. Subsequently, the shells were decomposed in a furnace at a temperature of 900 o C for 3.5 h by the method performed by Nair et al (2012). After the cold solids were obtained, they were stored in a desiccator before use in the transesterification process.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Biodiesel Production using a Stirred Packed-bed Reactor

Ani¹,

Said²,

Said³

2018

IJTech

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The use of waste cooking oil (WCO) as feedstock and in microwave heating technology helps to reduce the cost of biodiesel. In this study, a continuous flow transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) by microwave irradiation for biodiesel production using calcium oxide (CaO) as aheterogeneous catalyst, calcined from cockle shells, is used. The catalyst was packed inside a plastic perforated container mounted on a stirrer shaft and inserted inside the reactor. The thermocouple inside the reactor was connected to a temperature controller and microwave power input to maintain the temperature. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to study the relationships between power input, stirrer speed and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) on the WCO methyl ester (WCOME) conversion at a fixed molar ratio of methanol to oil of 9 and a reaction temperature set at 65 o C. The experiments were developed using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) for optimum conditions. The transesterification of the WCO was produced at 72.5% maximum WCOME conversion at an optimum power input of 445 W, stirrer speed of 380 rpm and LHSV of 71.5 h -1 . The energy consumption in a steady state condition was 0.594 kWh for the production of 1 litre WCOME, for this heterogeneous catalyst is much faster than conventional heating.

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“…The catalyst also showed high reusability potential. Nair et al [62] synthesized heterogeneous catalyst from clamshell (Mereterix mereterix) which was calcined at 900˚C for 3.5 h. This catalyst was employed in transesterification of waste frying oil at 60˚C for 3 h. A biodiesel yield and conversion of about 89% and 97% respectively was obtained optimally with 3.0 g of the catalyst. Besides, chicken bones derived heterogeneous catalyst was employed in the transesterification of waste cooking oil in biodiesel production by Farooq et al [63].…”

Section: Biomass-based Heterogeneous Catalysts Modification and Perfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancement in the Utilization of Biomass-Derived Heterogeneous Catalysts in Biodiesel Production

Mohammed¹,

Kabbashi²,

Alade³

et al. 2018

GSC

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Solid oxide catalysts derived from various renewable sources have produced significant yield of methyl esters of enhanced purity. These materials are sourced for due to their advantages ranging from low cost, recoverability and reusability, environmental benign-ness, thermal stability and high quality product generation. For a possible greener production process, many researchers in literature reported the use of biomass-derived heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel synthesis producing high quality pure product. The catalysts were majorly modified through simple physical cost effective and energy saving operations. This paper explores some of these bio-based heterogeneous catalyst used in biodiesel production via transesterification and esterification approach and their performance in FAME yield and conversion. The feedstock consideration which warrant the route selection, various approaches that are adopted in biodiesel production, performance of renewable heterogeneous catalyst and the measures that were adopted to enhance efficiency of the catalyst were considerably highlighted. It is observed that the prospects of organic-based solid catalyst in biodiesel development is a promising enterprise compared to the conventional methods utilizing homogeneous chemical catalyst, which generates wastewater requiring treatment before disposal and generates product that may cause engine malfunction. This review work aimed at providing detailed and up-to-date record of the trend in renewable catalyst development in biodiesel synthesis. This is expected to inform a suitable selection and reaction conditions in the development of biodiesel from the very many feed stocks.

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Synthesis of biodiesel from low FFA waste frying oil using calcium oxide derived from Mereterix mereterix as a heterogeneous catalyst

Cited by 112 publications

References 48 publications

Deactivation Processes, Regeneration Conditions and Reusability Performance of CaO or MgO Based Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production—A Review

Deactivation Processes, Regeneration Conditions and Reusability Performance of CaO or MgO Based Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production—A Review

Optimization of Biodiesel Production using a Stirred Packed-bed Reactor

Advancement in the Utilization of Biomass-Derived Heterogeneous Catalysts in Biodiesel Production

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