A novel catalytic system, based on a mixture of palladium acetate and tris(5-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)phosphane (F-TOTP), has been designed for the intramolecular C--H functionalization of alkane segments. Among other analogues of tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane (P(o-tol)(3)), F-TOTP was shown to have the optimal metal-bonding properties for this reaction. This catalytic system operated under milder reaction conditions that allowed the regioselective production of various olefins adjacent to a quaternary benzylic carbon atom, as well as novel bi- and tricyclic molecules. A general mechanism was proposed, with the preferential formation of a six-membered palladium(II) palladacycle after oxidative addition and cyclopalladation. The regioselective C--H functionalization of alkyl groups into olefins was illustrated in the synthesis of the antihypertensive drug verapamil and an analogue. A particularly mild ruthenium-catalyzed direct hydroamidation of the intermediate olefin in this synthesis is also reported.
A novel catalytic system, based on a mixture of palladium acetate and tris(5-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)phosphane (F-TOTP), has been designed for the intramolecular C--H functionalization of alkane segments. Among other analogues of tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane (P(o-tol)(3)), F-TOTP was shown to have the optimal metal-bonding properties for this reaction. This catalytic system operated under milder reaction conditions that allowed the regioselective production of various olefins adjacent to a quaternary benzylic carbon atom, as well as novel bi- and tricyclic molecules. A general mechanism was proposed, with the preferential formation of a six-membered palladium(II) palladacycle after oxidative addition and cyclopalladation. The regioselective C--H functionalization of alkyl groups into olefins was illustrated in the synthesis of the antihypertensive drug verapamil and an analogue. A particularly mild ruthenium-catalyzed direct hydroamidation of the intermediate olefin in this synthesis is also reported.
“…In most other cases 1 d, which probably arises from desilylation and dehydrogenation of the resulting primary alcohol, was formed in negligible quantities. The influence of the base was then assessed (entries [8][9][10][11]). Among the bases tested, K 2 CO 3 (entry 8) and K 3 PO 4 (entry 9) gave the highest yields of 1 b and the highest 1 b:1 c ratio.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[8] These were obtained in few steps from commercially available iodo-or bromobenzenes according to procedures described in our previous reports. [9] First, the influence of the benzylic R substituent and of the halogen X was studied (entries 1-8). As shown with iodides 1 a, 2 a, 3 a, and 4 a, substrates with relatively large R groups gave higher yields of olefin than those with smaller groups.…”
Palladacyclic intermediates effectively lower the high energy barrier to cleavage of a C(sp3)H bond. CH activation of benzylic gem‐dialkyl groups of bromo‐ and iodobenzenes produces olefins and cyclobutabenzenes, respectively, without homocoupling (see scheme).
“…In the search for mimics of the antimitotic alkaloid, rhazinilam 98 (Scheme 14.22), a DoM-Migita-Stille cross-coupling tactic was pursued [134]. Thus, metallation of the benzodioxene 91 followed by stannylation affords 92, which, upon the Migita-Stille cross-coupling with the 2-halo-N-Boc-aniline 93, gives derivatives 94 in modest to good yields.…”
Section: Dom-cross-coupling Tactics Involving Ar-ar Bond Formationmentioning
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