Synthesis of block copolymers by combination of photoinduced and atom transfer radical polymerization routes

Erel, Irem; Cianga, Ioan; Serhatlı, Ersin; Yaǧcı, Yusuf

doi:10.1016/s0014-3057(02)00006-x

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…43–49 Currently, however, several catalyst (re)-generation methods allow performing ATRP reactions with low ppm levels of catalysts; these techniques include activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) ATRP, 50–58 initiators for continuous activator regeneration (ICAR) ATRP, 50,59–65 supplemental activator and reducing agent (SARA) ATRP, 66–73 photoinduced ATRP (photoATRP), 74–85 85 and electrochemically mediated ATRP ( e ATRP, the method used in this work). 86–97 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Miniemulsion with a Dual Catalytic System

et al. 2016

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An electrochemical approach was used to control atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of n-butyl acrylate (BA) in miniemulsion. Electropolymerization required a dual catalytic system, composed of an aqueous phase catalyst and an organic phase catalyst. This allowed shuttling the electrochemical stimulus from the working electrode (WE) to the continuous aqueous phase and to the dispersed monomer droplets. As aqueous phase catalysts, the hydrophilic Cu complexes with the ligands N,N-bis( 2-pyridylmethyl)-2-hydroxyethylamine (BPMEA), 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy), and tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) were tested. As organic phase catalysts, the hydrophobic complexes with the ligands bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-octadecylamine (BPMODA) and bis[2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl)-pyridylmethyl]octadecylamine (BPMODA*) were evaluated. Highest rates and best control of BA electropolymerization were obtained with the water-soluble Cu/BPMEA used in combination with the oil-soluble Cu/BPMODA*. The polymerization rate could be further enhanced by changing the potential applied at the WE. Differently from traditional ATRP systems, reactivity of the dual catalytic system did not depend on the redox potential of the catalysts but instead depended on the hydrophobicity and partition coefficient of the aqueous phase catalyst.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Miniemulsion with a Dual Catalytic System

et al. 2016

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“…Block copolymers have become increasingly important in recent years (19)(20)(21). Recently, block copolymers have been the subject of experimental and theoretical interests due to their practical applications as thermoplastic elastomers (22), superabsorbents (23), unimolecular nanocontainers (24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a New Macroperoxy Initiator with Methyl Methacrylate and T-Butyl Peroxy Ester by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Copolymerization with Conventional Vinyl Monomers

Öztürk

Yılmaz

Hazer

2008

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A

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In this study, we present the synthesis of poly-MMA macroperoxy initiators obtained by the ATRP of MMA with bromo methyl benzyl t-butyl peroxy ester (t-BuBP) as an initiator, and CuX (X:Br or Cl)/2,2 -bipyridine (bpy) as a catalyst system at 0, 20, 30 and 40 • C. The peroxygen groups do not decompose during the ATRP reaction, because low reaction temperatures used for the ATRP reaction are not enough to decompose them. The peroxygen groups of poly-PMMA macroperoxy initiators can lead them to react with a monomer by using appropriate reaction conditions to obtain the block or graft copolymers. For this purpose, poly-MMA macroperoxy initiators were used to synthesize poly(MMA-b-S) block copolymers with S and used for graft copolymerization of polybutadiene (PBd) and natural rubber (RSS-3) to obtain crosslinked poly(MMA-g-PBd) and poly(MMA-g-RSS-3) graft copolymers. Swelling ratio values of the crosslinked graft copolymers in CHCl 3 were calculated. The characterizations of the polymers were achieved by FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, GPC, DSC, SEM, and the fractional precipitation (γ ) techniques. The reaction schemes were also performed using the HYPERCHEM 7.5 program. The mechanical properties of the products were investigated.

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“…Many monomers with different structures can be polymerized to yield block copolymers with novel properties. In addition to the transformation methods discussed above, other transformation polymerizations, such as the combination of coordination or photoinduced polymerization with controlled radical polymerizations, or the combination of two different controlled radical polymerizations have been reported [145][146][147][148][149][150]. One method involves the application of a bifunctional initiator, in which the two functional groups are stimulated either in sequence or concurrently to initiate the polymerization of two kinds of monomers via different polymerization mechanisms.…”

Section: Other Living Polymerizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syntheses and Characterizations of Block Copolymers Prepared via Controlled Radical Polymerization Methods

Pan

2004

Developments in Block Copolymer Science and Technology

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Synthesis of block copolymers by combination of photoinduced and atom transfer radical polymerization routes

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Electrochemical Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Miniemulsion with a Dual Catalytic System

Electrochemical Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Miniemulsion with a Dual Catalytic System

Synthesis of a New Macroperoxy Initiator with Methyl Methacrylate and T-Butyl Peroxy Ester by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Copolymerization with Conventional Vinyl Monomers

Syntheses and Characterizations of Block Copolymers Prepared via Controlled Radical Polymerization Methods

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