Synthesis of Brightly PEGylated Luminescent Magnetic Upconversion Nanophosphors for Deep Tissue and Dual MRI Imaging

Chen, Hongyu; Qi, Bin; Moore, Thomas L.; Colvin, Daniel C.; Crawford, T. M.; Gore, John C.; Alexis, Frank; Mefford, O. Thompson; Anker, Jeffrey N.

doi:10.1002/smll.201300828

Cited by 65 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…[11] This flexible template synthesis technique can control the nanoparticle size (50 nm to 300 nm) by varying the synthesis condition of the precursor template. [16] To create a hollow space for drug loading, the Gd 2 O 3 :Eu nanocore was partially dissolved by etching in acetic acid (v/v=0.4%) for 3 h. The monodispersed silica shell were then coated with a layer of Gd 2 O(CO 3 ) 2 •H 2 O doped with Yb 3+ and Tm 3+ through a homogeneous precipitation method. [11] After heat treatment at 600 °C for 1 h, the amorphous Gd 2 O(CO 3 ) 2 •H 2 O:Yb/Tm layer transformed into Gd 2 O 3 :Yb/Tm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have also been employed in biomedical applications such as drug delivery carriers, [11, 12, 13, 14] magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), [11, 15, 16] and fluorescent labelling. [15, 16] Radioluminescent phosphors can be localized through deep tissue (>~1 cm) at a resolution limited by the X-ray beam width [17, 18] by using a narrow X-ray beam to excite only the phosphors within the beam. [17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22] Upconversion nanophosphors do not require ionizing radiation so they can generate bright luminescence signals over long time intervals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multifunctional Yolk‐in‐Shell Nanoparticles for pH‐triggered Drug Release and Imaging

Chen

Moore

et al. 2014

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Multifunctional nanoparticles are synthesized for both pH-triggered drug release and imaging with radioluminescence, upconversion luminescent, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The particles have a yolk-in-shell morphology, with a radioluminescent core, an upconverting shell, and a hollow region between the core and shell for loading drugs. They are synthesized by controlled encapsulation of a radioluminescent nanophosphor yolk in a silica shell, partial etching of the yolk in acid, and encapsulation of the silica with an upconverting luminescent shell. Metroxantrone, a chemotherapy drug, was loaded into the hollow space between X-ray phosphor yolk and up-conversion phosphor shell through pores in the shell. To encapsulate the drug and control the release rate, the nanoparticles are coated with pH-responsive biocompatible polyelectrolyte layers of charged hyaluronic acid sodium salt and chitosan. The nanophosphors display bright luminescence under X-ray, blue light (480 nm), and infrared light (980 nm). They also served as T1 and T2 MRI contrast agents with relaxivities of 3.5 mM−1 s−1 (r1) and 64 mM−1s−1 (r2). These multifunctional nanocapsules have applications in controlled drug delivery and multimodal imaging.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Yolk‐in‐Shell Nanoparticles for pH‐triggered Drug Release and Imaging

Chen

Moore

et al. 2014

Small

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“…In these methods, long‐chain organic surfactants (hydrophilic or lipophilic) are often used to control the nucleation and growth of the nanocrystals. The utilization of hydrophilic surfactants such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), polyethylenimine (PEI), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and 2‐aminoethyl dihydrogen phosphate (AEP) enables one‐step synthesis of hydrophilic and biocompatible NPs, but usually yields NPs with poor uniformity and monodispersity 14. Instead, the lipophilic surfactants such as oleic acid (OA) and oleylamine (OM) along with other high boiling organic solvents like 1‐octadecene (ODE) are favorable for the synthesis of high‐quality NPs with a narrow size distribution, good crystallinity, defined core/shell nanostructures, and excellent optical properties.…”

Section: General Protocols For the Fabrication Of Inorganic Lanthanidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasensitive Luminescent In Vitro Detection for Tumor Markers Based on Inorganic Lanthanide Nano‐Bioprobes

Zheng

Zhou

et al. 2016

Advanced Science

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Ultrasensitive and accurate detection of tumor markers is of vital importance for the screening or diagnosis of cancers at their early stages and for monitoring cancer relapse after surgical resection. Inorganic lanthanide (Ln3+) nanoparticles (NPs), owing to their superior physicochemical characteristics, are regarded as a new generation of luminescent nano‐bioprobes in the field of cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this progress report, a focus is set on our recent efforts on the development of inorganic Ln3+‐NPs as efficient luminescent nano‐bioprobes for the ultrasensitive in vitro biodetection of tumor markers, with an emphasis on the dissolution‐enhanced luminescent bioassay (DELBA), an emerging technique recently developed toward practical medical applications.

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“…The available surfactants are either hydrophilic or lipophilic. The use of hydrophilic surfactants such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) [53], polyethylenimine (PEI) [54], polyethylene glycol (PEG) [55], polyacrylic acid (PAA) [56] and 2-aminoethyl dihydrogen phosphate (AEP) [27] allows for one-step synthesis of hydrophilic and biocompatible NPs, but the poor uniformity and monodispersity and the low PL efficiency of the resulting NPs restrict their widespread applications [16,57]. Instead, the lipophilic ligands such as oleic acid (OA), oleylamine (OM) and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) combined with other high boiling organic solvents like 1-octadecene (ODE) and trioctylamine (TOA) provide a mild solution for the synthesis of high-quality NPs with a narrow size distribution, good crystallinity and excellent optical properties, and thus are most frequently used in the synthesis of Ln 3+ -doped NPs [43,47,50].…”

Section: Controlled Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic lanthanide nanoprobes for background-free luminescent bioassays

Huang

Zheng

et al. 2015

Sci. China Mater.

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Luminescent bioassay techniques have been widely adopted in a variety of research and medical institutions. However, conventional luminescent bioassays utilizing traditional bioprobes like organic dyes and quantum dots often suffer from the interference of background noise from scattered lights and autofluorescence from biological matrices. To eliminate this disadvantage, the use of inorganic lanthanide (Ln 3+ )-doped nanoparticles (NPs) is an excellent option in view of their superior optical properties, such as the long-lived downshifting luminescence, near-infrared triggered anti-Stokes upconverting luminescence and excitation-free persistent luminescence. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the development of inorganic Ln 3+ -doped NPs as sensitive luminescent bioprobes from their fundamental physicochemical properties to biodetection, including the chemical synthesis, surface functionalization, optical properties and their promising applications for background-free luminescent bioassays. Future efforts and prospects towards this rapidly growing field are also proposed. INTRODUCTIONSensitive and specific bioassay of trace amount of target analytes is essential for a variety of biomedical applications ranging from pharmaceutical preparation to disease diagnosis and therapy [1][2][3]. Among various bioassay methods, luminescent bioassay has received particular attention because of its high sensitivity and good specificity [4,5]. Conventional luminescent bioassay techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), time-resolved (TR) fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and TR-FRET assays have laid the foundation for many modern clinical applications [6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, these bioassays are impeded by the availability of traditional bioprobes like organic dyes, lanthanide (Ln 3+ ) chelates and quantum dots (QDs). The use of these bioprobes has a number of limitations. Organic dyes commonly possess poor photochemical stability and suffer from serious photobleaching [12]. The applicability of QDs is compromised by photoblinking and high toxic- ity of heavy metal elements like cadmium and selenium, especially for in vivo biosensing [13,14]. Moreover, both organic dyes and QDs may induce high background noise and considerable photodamage to the biological samples under ultraviolet (UV) excitation, which deteriorates their detection sensitivity for bioassays [15,16]. Although such background noise can be suppressed by the technique of TR photoluminescence (PL) through the use of the longlived luminescence of Ln 3+ -chelates, the poor photochemical stability, long-term toxicity and high cost of Ln 3+ -chelates remain a major issue [17]. These concerns fuel a crucial demand for the development of a new generation of luminescent bioprobes to circumvent the limitations of traditional ones.Recently, with the explosion of nanoscience and nanotechnology, there is a growing dedication towards the development of diverse luminescent nanoprobes for biodetection ...

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Synthesis of Brightly PEGylated Luminescent Magnetic Upconversion Nanophosphors for Deep Tissue and Dual MRI Imaging

Cited by 65 publications

References 52 publications

Multifunctional Yolk‐in‐Shell Nanoparticles for pH‐triggered Drug Release and Imaging

Multifunctional Yolk‐in‐Shell Nanoparticles for pH‐triggered Drug Release and Imaging

Ultrasensitive Luminescent In Vitro Detection for Tumor Markers Based on Inorganic Lanthanide Nano‐Bioprobes

Inorganic lanthanide nanoprobes for background-free luminescent bioassays

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