Synthesis of Buckminsterfullerene C60 functionalised core cross-linked star polymers

Blencowe, Anton; Kit, Goh Tor; Best, Stephen P.; Qiao, Greg G.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2008.01.001

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…It has been demonstrated that star polymers possessing hydrophobic cores and radiating hydrophilic arms can combine the advantages of polymeric micelles, dendrimers, and LbL capsules by providing enhanced encapsulation capabilities for hydrophobic drugs in the core, while avoiding issues associated with the sudden dissociation (under shear or dilution below the critical micelle concentration (cmc)) of polymeric micelles and the time-consuming multistep synthesis of LbL capsules and dendrimers. − Moreover, star polymers are known to possess unique properties such as low solution viscosities , and enhanced functionalities, − which makes this class of macromolecules an attractive candidate for drug delivery applications. However, only a limited number of these polymeric nanocarriers are reported to be biocompatible and biodegradable …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folic Acid Conjugated Amino Acid-Based Star Polymers for Active Targeting of Cancer Cells

et al. 2011

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Amino acid-based core cross-linked star (CCS) polymers (poly(L-lysine)(arm)poly(L-cystine)(core)) with peripheral allyl functionalities were synthesized by sequential ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) via the arm-first approach, using N-(trimethylsilyl)allylamine as the initiator. Subsequent functionalization with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-folic acid conjugate via thiol-ene click chemistry afforded poly(PEG-b-L-lysine)(arm)poly(L-cystine)(core) stars with outer PEG coronas decorated with folic acid targeting moieties. Similarly, a control was prepared without folic acid, using just PEG. A fluorophore was used to track both star polymers incubated with breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) in vitro. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry revealed that the stars could be internalized into the cells, and higher cell internalization was observed when folic acid moieties were present. Cytotoxicity studies indicate that both stars are nontoxic to MDA-MB-231 cells at concentrations of up to 50 μg/mL. These results make this amino acid-based star polymer an attractive candidate in targeted drug delivery applications including chemotherapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folic Acid Conjugated Amino Acid-Based Star Polymers for Active Targeting of Cancer Cells

et al. 2011

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“…The chemical protocol employed for synthesizing poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) core-polystyrene shell (PEGDMA-PS) CSMG NPs by the arm-first approach and ATRP was similar to procedures previously reported by some of us. − Briefly, a linear PS macroinitiator ( i.e ., the “arm”) was first prepared via ATRP of styrene using 1-bromoethylbenzene as the initiator and CuBr/PMDETA as the catalyst complex. To generate CSMG NPs, the PS macroinitiator ( M̅ w = 10.7 kDa, PDI = 1.10) was linked together using EGDMA as a cross-linker in the presence of CuBr/PMDETA as the catalyst complex.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Film-Stabilizing Attributes of Polymeric Core–Shell Nanoparticles

et al. 2015

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Self-organization of nanoparticles into stable, molecularly thin films provides an insightful paradigm for manipulating the manner in which materials interact at nanoscale dimensions to generate unique material assemblies at macroscopic length scales. While prior studies in this vein have focused largely on examining the performance of inorganic or organic/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles (NPs), the present work examines the stabilizing attributes of fully organic core-shell microgel (CSMG) NPs composed of a cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (PEGDMA) core and a shell of densely grafted, but relatively short-chain, polystyrene (PS) arms. Although PS homopolymer thin films measuring from a few to many nanometers in thickness, depending on the molecular weight, typically dewet rapidly from silica supports at elevated temperatures, spin-coated CSMG NP films measuring as thin as 10 nm remain stable under identical conditions for at least 72 h. Through the use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to alter the surface of a flat silica-based support, we demonstrate that such stabilization is not attributable to hydrogen bonding between the acrylic core and silica. We also document that thin NP films consisting of three or less layers (10 nm) and deposited onto SAMs can be fully dissolved even after extensive thermal treatment, whereas slightly thicker films (40 nm) on Si wafer become only partially soluble during solvent rinsing with and without sonication. Taken together, these observations indicate that the present CSMG NP films are stabilized primarily by multidirectional penetration of relatively short, unentangled NP arms caused by NP layering, rather than by chain entanglement as in linear homopolymer thin films. This nanoscale "velcro"-like mechanism permits such NP films, unlike their homopolymer counterparts of comparable chain length and thickness, to remain intact as stable, free-floating sheets on water, and thus provides a viable alternative to ultrathin organic coating strategies.

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“…Resulting polymers were characterised by GPC, UV-Vis and CV. 73 The synthesis and supramolecular properties of a bifurcated molecule decorated with two units of an in-house receptor for C 60 fullerene based on the electron donor tetrathiafulvalene, have been described. 74 2.1.5 Fullerene derivatives containing halogens.…”

Section: Production Separation and Properties Of Fullerenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fullerenes

Darwish

2009

Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. A: Inorg. Chem.

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Synthesis of Buckminsterfullerene C60 functionalised core cross-linked star polymers

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

Folic Acid Conjugated Amino Acid-Based Star Polymers for Active Targeting of Cancer Cells

Folic Acid Conjugated Amino Acid-Based Star Polymers for Active Targeting of Cancer Cells

Film-Stabilizing Attributes of Polymeric Core–Shell Nanoparticles

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