Synthesis of calix[6]arene based XAD‐4 material for the removal of reactive blue 19 from aqueous environments

Abstract

This study describes the synthesis of calix[6]arene (C6) appended Amberlite XAD-4 resin and its application for the removal of anthraquinone-based reactive blue 19 (RB-19) dye from aqueous environments. The C6-resin 5 was characterized with various analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and elemental analysis. Adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of the pH, adsorbent dosage, electrolyte, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption of RB-19 dye onto the C6-resin 5. From the results, we observed that the percentage adsorption of the RB-19 dye was highly dependent on the concentration of electrolyte and the pH of the solution. The maximum adsorption was achieved at pH 9. The thermal study demonstrated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The isothermic study showed that the adsorption behavior could be better demonstrated by the Langmuir and Dubinin and Radushkevich isotherm model. From field studies, it has been concluded that C6-resin 5 is an effective adsorbent for the removal of RB-19 dye.

Arsenate and Dichromate Removal Efficiency of a New Calix[4]arene Impregnated Resin

“…the development of supramolecular chemistry has been made over the years by synthesizing calix(n]arene based macrocyclic compounds, especially in the field of separation science. Calixarene-based solid extracting materials generally provides swiftly and easy separation as well as recovery of contaminants from polluted environment (32)(33)(34)(35)(36). For that reason, variety of stylish appropriately designed chelating ligands bearing calixarene backbones have been reported as oxoanions receptors (35)(36)(37).…”

Sorption of As(III) by calix[4]arene modified XAD-4 resin: kinetic and thermodynamic approach

“…These materials are regenerable and in terms of chemical, physical/thermal point of view they are stable and widely used for purification of aqueous media [29]. Present study is an extension of our previous efforts of developing regenerable synthetic resins [30][31][32] which demonstrates the environmental application of newly synthesized calix [4]arene diamide derivative impregnated Amberlite XAD-4 resin to remove As(III) from aqueous media. But in this paper we first time report the synthesis of a new calix [4]arene derivative based XAD-4 resin for As(III) amputation.…”

Organocatalysis by p-sulfonic acid calix[4]arene: a convenient and efficient route to 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones in water

“…Solvents, reagents and chemicals were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and Merck. 35 General procedure for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones p-Sulfonic acid calix[4]arene (1 mol%) was added to a solution of anthranilamide (1 mmol) and aldehyde/ketone (1 mmol) in water (1 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for a 40 specified period of time. After completion of the reaction, cold distilled water (5 mL) was added to the reaction mixture.…”

“…No further improvement was noticed by increasing the reaction time (Table 1, entry 2). Increasing the amount of catalyst (5 mol%) did not improve the yield noticeably (Table 1, entry 3,) whereas 40 decreasing the amount of catalyst (0.5 mol%) decreased the yield (Table 1, entry 4). To clarify the role of the catalyst (p-SAC) in this process, the same reaction was carried out without p-SAC (Table 1, entry 5).…”

“…23 In crystalline state the compound shows the 2,3dihydroquinazoline moiety is planar. The pyrimidine ring is in a 40 flattened half-chair conformation. The nitro-substituted benzene ring forms dihedral angle of 85.91 o , with the benzene ring of the dihydroquinazoline group.…”