Synthesis of Carbide Phases in Surface Metal Layers Under Electrospark Alloying with Graphite and Transition Metals in Groups IV–VI

Mikhailov, V. V.; Kazak, N.N.; Agafii, Vasile; Yanakevich, A.I.

doi:10.1007/s11106-019-00079-8

Cited by 1 publication

(6 citation statements)

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“…Our preliminary investigations with Ti, W, and the graphite as a carbon source as the standard components of the electrodes showed better results [6]. The layers with a high content of carbide phases were obtained, which caused the higher hardness of the treated surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…According to the established concepts [6], electrospark coatings are formed as a result of the intense interaction of pulsed discharge plasma with anode and cathode materials. Formation of various alloys, pseudo-alloys, nitrides, and oxides takes place if processing in the air, and diffuse penetration of coating materials proceeds into the base.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Formation of various alloys, pseudo-alloys, nitrides, and oxides takes place if processing in the air, and diffuse penetration of coating materials proceeds into the base. Former research [6] has shown that during sequential treatment with graphite and any transition metals of IV-VI groups of the periodic system, the carbides of the corresponding metals are formed in the surface layers. As a result of such treatment, the hardness and wear resistance of the formed layers significantly increase [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To obtain MAX phases by electrospark alloying on structural steel C45 and the titanium alloy VT6, we used three technological methods [6]. In the first case, compact electrodes were used from those elements (materials) that are part of the MAX phases.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Ternary Compounds (Max-phases)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the traditional electrospark alloying process, for periodic excitation of discharges between the electrodes, the compact electrodes in the form of bars are vibrated with a frequency of 100 Hz or more or rotated at 600-800 rpm. Standard compact electrodes are obtained on the basis of the carbides of IV-VI group transition metals of the periodic system and are used mainly to increase the hardness of the working surfaces of machine parts and, consequently, to increase their service life [5][6][7][8][9]. The most common standardized electrodes, T15K6 (79%WC + 15%TiC + 6%Co), BK6 (94%WC + 6%Co) and BK8 (92% WC + 8%Co), are obtained from titanium carbides (TiC) and tungsten (WC) [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Multicomponent Coatings by Electrospark Alloying with Powder Materials

et al. 2023

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The results of systematic studies of the electrospark alloying process with the introduction of dispersed materials into plasma of low-voltage pulsed discharges are presented. Technological methods have been developed for supplying the powder material straight into the treatment zone through a hollow electrode of an anode or from the side, with the electrode-anode periodically contacting the substrate of cathode. It has been established that under the same energy regimes, when powder materials were introduced into the discharge zone, the increase in the mass of the cathode per time unit increases from 10 to 15 times or more. This study presents the process of synthesis of carbide phases (TiC and WC) during electrospark alloying of steel substrates with electrodes made of Ti, W, and graphite, with additional supply powders of these materials into the processing zone. A process has been developed for the synthesis of ternary compounds, so-called MAX-phases: Ti2AlC, Ti2AlN and Ti3SiC2 by electrospark alloying with powder compositions TiAlC, TiAlN and TiSiC. These MAX phases exhibit a unique combination of properties that are characteristic of both metals and ceramics. Energy modes of the processing were optimized, which resulted in high-quality coatings with the maximum content of carbide phases and ternary compounds. It has been established that the energy of electrical pulses during electrospark alloying, when powders of materials are fed into the interelectrode gap, ranges from 0.8 to 3.0 J, depending on their thermal physical properties. High wear and corrosion resistant characteristics of C45 structural steel with such electrospark coatings are obtained. The wear of steel with coatings in comparison with uncoated steel decreased by an average of 5.5–6.0 times. It was estimated the high corrosion resistance of 40X13 steel coated with TiC and WC in 3% NaCl solution. The corrosion current for these coatings is 0.044 and 0.075 A/cm2, respectively, and is significantly less than for coatings made of TiAlC, TiAlN, and TiSiC compositions. X-ray phase and optical metallographic microscopy analyses enabled the display of the amorphous-crystalline nature of the coatings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis Of Ternary Compounds (Max-phases)mentioning

confidence: 99%