Synthesis of carbon aerogels with controlled morphology and pore structure to modulate their bulk density and thermal conductivity via a quick one-pot preparation strategy

Zhang, Yiduan; Gong, Lele; Xu, Xiaojing; Zhao, Li; Li, Kai; Liang, Guojie; Li, Li; Xie, Qiang

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2023.118487

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Figure f and Table S1 compare the mechanical and thermal insulation properties of the carbon aerogels prepared in this paper with those in the literature. The present carbon aerogels have relatively high compressive strengths and low room-temperature thermal conductivities, which are comparable to those (including the SCD samples) in the literature studies. ,,,− This indicates that the carbon aerogels prepared in this work are reliable high-temperature thermal insulations, and this work may provide a feasible method for the industrialized preparation of environmentally friendly carbon aerogel thermal insulations.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Synthesis of Environmentally Friendly Nanoporous Monolithic Carbon Aerogels via Ambient Pressure Drying for High-Temperature Thermal Insulators

Men,

Feng,

Jiang

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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As a promising high-temperature thermal insulation, carbon aerogel is generally prepared by the carbonization of an organic aerogel. However, the preparation processes of solvent exchange and supercritical drying are complicated and contaminated, which hinder their large-scale production and application in the field of civil high-temperature thermal insulators. Herein, the nanoporous carbon aerogels were prepared by an environmentally friendly method of ambient pressure drying without solvent exchange with the usage of water as the solvent, acetic acid as an acid catalyst, and biopolymer chitosan as a cross-linking agent and supporting template. Through the polymerization and hydrogen bonds of chitosan with precursors to strengthen the gel network, carbon aerogels exhibit good monolithic shape (130 × 130 × 18 mm) with nanoparticle size (43−107 nm) and low density (0.187−0.395 g/cm 3 ), leading to a low thermal conductivity (0.09592 W/m•K) and high compressive strength (11.50 MPa) at the density of 0.395 g/cm 3 . Notably, by the copyrolysis of organic fiberreinforced organic aerogel composite, a crack-free carbon aerogel composite (0.244 g/cm 3 ) was prepared with enhanced mechanical properties (compressive strength of 1.63 MPa at 10% strain and bending strength of 4.27 MPa) and low thermal conductivity (0.107 W/m•K at 1100 °C). This work may provide an environmentally friendly method for the industrialized preparation of reliable nanoporous carbon aerogels for high-temperature thermal protection components.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Synthesis of Environmentally Friendly Nanoporous Monolithic Carbon Aerogels via Ambient Pressure Drying for High-Temperature Thermal Insulators

Men,

Feng,

Jiang

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…Expectedly, 50% shrinkage can be observed during the vacuum-drying of 50%LPA when using water as a solvent (Figure S3). Notably, 50%LPCA has an ultralow density (42 mg·cm –3 ), which is significantly lower than that of PCA (81 mg·cm –3 ) and other PAs. , It can be stably placed on a dandelion with neglectable deformation (Figure b) and suspended on water for a long time (Figure f), which is very useful for practical applications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Fabrication of Ultralow Density and Ultrahigh Solar Absorption Monolithic Phenolic Carbon Aerogel from Lignite for Solar Vapor Generation

Xie,

Yan,

Lei

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Solar vapor generation has been recognized as one of the most sustainable desalination methods due to its high energy efficiency and zero carbon emissions. However, it is often limited by poor mechanical properties, a complex preparation process, and/or the high density of photothermal materials. Here, we present a simple and effective method for preparing high-strength lignite-based phenolic carbon aerogels (LPCAs) for seawater desalination. LPCAs were prepared using an ethanol-soluble portion (ESP) from lignite as the raw material and melamine as the skeleton by polymerization/gelation, vacuum-drying, and carbonization, avoiding the energyintensive freeze-drying step. Due to the abundant alkyl side chains and condensed aromatics in the ESP, LPCA has an ultralow density (42 mg•cm −3 ) and ultrahigh light absorbance (97.3%) without the need of additional expensive photothermal materials. Moreover, LPCA can regulate the intermediate water content and absorb energy from the environment. Based on these advantages, the evaporation rate of the LPCA evaporator can reach up to 2.40 kg•m −2 •h −1 under 1 sun with an energy efficiency of 93.5%. Additionally, LPCAs with high strength (4.48 MPa under 90% strain), self-floating, good salt resistance, and applicability under harsh conditions facilitate practical application for producing clean water.

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“…On the other hand, to obtain the PRAs, the solvent must always be removed from phenolic resin wet gels without destroying their original structural integrity. The traditional drying methods include supercritical drying (SCD) [ 16 , 17 ] and ambient pressure drying (APD) [ 18 , 19 ]. Although the SCD method can obtain the PRAs with suitable pore structure and performance, the synthesis process is complex, and the cost is high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Pore Characteristics, Mechanical Properties and Thermal Performances of Near-Net Shape Manufacturing Phenolic Resin Aerogels

Sha,

Dai,

Wang

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Thermally stable high-performance phenolic resin aerogels (PRAs) are of great interest for thermal insulation because of their light weight, fire retardancy and low thermal conductivity. However, the drawbacks of PRA synthesis, such as long processing time, inherent brittleness and significant shrinkage during drying, greatly restrict their wide applications. In this work, PRAs were synthesized at ambient pressure through a near-net shape manufacturing technique, where boron-containing thermosetting phenolic resin (BPR) was introduced into the conventional linear phenolic resin (LPR) to improve the pore characteristics, mechanical properties and thermal performances. Compared with the traditional LPR-synthesized aerogel, the processing time and the linear shrinkage rate during the drying of the PRAs could be significantly reduced, which was attributed to the enhanced rigidity and the unique bimodal pore size distribution. Furthermore, no catastrophic failure and almost no mechanical degradation were observed on the PRAs, even with a compressive strain of up to 60% at temperatures ranging from 25 to 200 °C, indicating low brittleness and excellent thermo-mechanical stability. The PRAs also showed outstanding fire retardancy. On the other hand, the PRAs with a density of 0.194 g/cm3 possessed a high Young’s modulus of 12.85 MPa and a low thermal conductivity of 0.038 W/(m·K).

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Synthesis of carbon aerogels with controlled morphology and pore structure to modulate their bulk density and thermal conductivity via a quick one-pot preparation strategy

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

Synthesis of Environmentally Friendly Nanoporous Monolithic Carbon Aerogels via Ambient Pressure Drying for High-Temperature Thermal Insulators

Synthesis of Environmentally Friendly Nanoporous Monolithic Carbon Aerogels via Ambient Pressure Drying for High-Temperature Thermal Insulators

Facile Fabrication of Ultralow Density and Ultrahigh Solar Absorption Monolithic Phenolic Carbon Aerogel from Lignite for Solar Vapor Generation

Improving Pore Characteristics, Mechanical Properties and Thermal Performances of Near-Net Shape Manufacturing Phenolic Resin Aerogels

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