Synthesis of Carbon Materials with Abnormally High Specific Surface Area

Abstract

As a rule, carbon materials with developed energy are produced by physical or active activation of carbon-containing precursor materials. Physical activation is usually carried out at a temperature of 800-900 °C. For chemical activation, many reagents have been proposed-phosphoric acid, zinc chloride, potassium sulfide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, and others. All these techniques are aimed at increasing the specific surface and porosity of the original carbon nanomaterials. The presented paper describes the synthesis technology for substances, presumably of a cumulene structure, based on the polycondensation of hexamethyltetramine in anhydrous sulfuric acid. A change in the heat treatment modes makes it possible to intensify the polymerization process, which results in synthesis products that are insoluble in an aqueous medium. Optionally, carbon nanotubes were added to the reaction system. The substances obtained were activated with potassium hydroxide. The analysis of the specific surface area of the synthesized materials showed extremely high values (4288-5346 m 2 /g). Increasing the ratio of potassium hydroxide to the initial carbon substance leads to increasing the pore width. The addition of carbon nanotubes to the initial substance dramatically increasesthe pore width. The activated materials can be used as effective adsorbents and electrode materials for chemical current sources.

Polyaniline Modified CNTs and Graphene Nanocomposite for Removal of Lead and Zinc Metal Ions: Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Desorption Studies

“…An even higher sorption capacity was demonstrated by a 2D carbon material. Melezhik et al [ 13 ] coated graphene oxide (GO) with various oxygen-containing groups and reported a high surface area. Zhao et al [ 14 ] described 106.3 and 68.2 mg/g sorption capacity of Cd (II) and Co (II) on graphene oxide at pH 6.0 ± 0.1 and T = 303 K. Wang et al [ 15 ] used ethylenediamine as a reducing agent and the obtained GO showed an adsorption capacity of 413.22, 162.33, 55.34 and 42.46 mg/g for Pb (II), Cd (II), Cu (II) and Mn (II), respectively.…”