Synthesis of carbon nanospheres using fallen willow leaves and adsorption of Rhodamine B and heavy metals by them

Abstract

This paper focuses on the synthesis of carbon nanospheres (CNSs) using fallen willow leaves as a low-cost precursor. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image demonstrated that the structure of synthesized CNSs was spherical, with a diameter of 100 nm. The crystal structure and chemical information were characterized by Raman spectrum and energy-dispersive spectrum (EDS), respectively. BET results showed that the CNSs had a larger specific surface area of 294.32 m(2) g(-1), which makes it a potentially superior adsorbent. Rh-B and heavy metal ions such as Cu(2+), Zn(2+), and Cr(6+) were used as targets to investigate the adsorption capacity of the CNSs. The effects of adsorption parameters such as adsorption equilibrium time, dose of CNSs, adsorption kinetics, and effect factors were also studied. These findings not only established a cost-effective method of synthesizing CNSs using fallen willow leaves but also broadened the potential application range of these CNSs.

Adsorption of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution onto acid treated banana peel: Response surface methodology, kinetics and isotherm studies

“…From the expression of Eq 8, the dimensionless equilibrium separation factor indicated that a pattern of 0< R L < 1 was followed, which indicated favourable adsorption of RhB on acid modified banana peel. The adsorption capacity ( q m ) of the adsorbent (9.5220 mg / g ) was observed to be higher than the adsorption of RhB onto banana pith (8.5 mg / g ) [43], carbon nanosphere (1.15 mg / g ) [44], and Tamarind fruit shell carbon (3.94 mg / g ). On the other hand, the Freundlich isotherm fitted better for the reduction of COD, with an R 2 value of 0.9642 compared to the Langmuir isotherm (0.9548).…”

A Short Review on the Removal of Rhodamine B Dye Using Agricultural Waste-Based Adsorbents

“…RhB dye is carcinogenic, neurotoxic and causes , eyes, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract irritation, with developmental and reproductive toxicity in both humans and animals . It also causes burning sensation, laryngitis, coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, vomiting, nausea, chest pain, headache, subcutaneous tissue borne sarcoma equivocal tumor [17][18][19][20]. It increases hypothalamic cell apoptosis and have been reported to cause disruption of hormonal balance [21].…”

Carbon nanotubes, graphene, and their derivatives for heavy metal removal

“…1, are the most commonly employed adsorbents for metal ion removal from wastewater owing to their large specific surface area and concentrated pore distribution [36,37]. Moreover, they exhibit a great mechanical property and excellent structural stability under extreme conditions (e.g., high temperature and strong acidic/alkaline conditions) [38][39][40].…”