Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by the laser ablation method: Effect of laser wavelength

Abstract

The effect of laser wavelength on single-wall carbon nanotubes synthesis yield and their properties was studied. A doublepulse Nd:YAG laser, working at a wavelength of 355 or 1064 nm, was used for carbon nanotubes production. The synthesized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were investigated using the SEM/STEM microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the useful range of UV laser radiation fluence is narrower and the properties of synthesized CNTs depend much more on the laser fluence than in the case of infrared laser radiation. Pulsed lasers are especially suitable in generation of non-equilibrium conditions due to a short time scale of temperature changes. PLV offers extraordinarily high temperatures in which graphite and metallic catalyst particles are transformed into the carbon-metal vapor. During the interaction of the laser beam with a target, its surface is heated to a temperature exceeding the boiling point and sometimes exceeding the critical temperature. At the same moment, vaporization begins. The evaporated particles are further heated by the laser pulse to temperatures of several tens of kilokelvin and form a plasma plume. Next,

Formation of endohedral metallofullerene (EMF) ions of (M = La, Y, n ≤ 6, 50 ≤ 2m ≤ 194) in the laser ablation process with graphene as precursor

“…It should be mentioned here that although carbon nanotubes can be generated in the process of laser ablation of some carbon materials, their sizes are usually much larger than the cluster ions observed here. [29,30] However, the possibility of exohedral metallofullerenes still needs to be considered. It is known that exohedral metallofullerenes can be generated by reactions of M + and C 60 in the gas phase.…”

Can We Optimize Arc Discharge and Laser Ablation for Well-Controlled Carbon Nanotube Synthesis?

“…The target evaporation is realized by different lasers at different wavelengths [155] or light sources such as ND:YAG, UV lasers, cw-CO 2 , and solar energy [50, 150, 156, 157]. LA of target material can be accomplished using single- or double-pulsed lasers at various wave lengths rather than cw-CO 2 laser beam [50, 153].…”

The synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterials by pulsed laser ablation in water

“…For instance, Tarasenka and colleagues [27] investigated the influence of different liquid medium (water, ethanol and 0.008 m aqueous diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) solution) on the morphology, structure and optical properties of CNPs fabricated using an unfocused Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) on graphite. Many carbon nanostructures were fabricated by the laser ablation using the 532 nm wavelength such as nanocrystalline diamond [28], graphene sheets [29,30], CNPs [31] and nanotubes [32].…”