Synthesis of chromium-containing pigments from chromium recovered from leather waste

Berry, Frank J.; Costantini, Nicola; Smart, Lesley E.

doi:10.1016/s0956-053x(01)00046-0

Cited by 69 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The results show that the malayaite pigment is obtained at 1050°C after 2 hr, which is approximately 150°C lower than previous studies (1200 -1600°C). [13][14][15] The product presents a more saturated red color with a higher a* value of 34.1 than previous studies (Ͻ30). 16 -18 The content of malayaite is greater than 90%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Synthesis of Chromium-Doped Malayaite Pigments from Wastewater Containing Low Chromium(VI)

Yang

et al. 2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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A malayaite pigment was synthesized with wastewater containing low chromium (Cr)(VI) by a novel liquidphase reaction method. The effects of the particle size of the precursor and calcination temperature on the final product are examined. The result of scanning electron microscopy shows that the obtained precursor is amorphous and the particle size is approximately 250 nm. The results of X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry show that the complete transformation temperature was approximately 1050°C. Furthermore, the Commission International de l'Eclairage laboratory shows that the red color of as-prepared pigments is more saturated with a high a* value at 34.1. This process of malayaite pigment preparation via reuse of the Cr(VI)-containing wastewater is quite simple, economical, and energy-saving for the industry, and the products have a saturated red color. There is considerable foreground for the industrial application of this work.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Synthesis of Chromium-Doped Malayaite Pigments from Wastewater Containing Low Chromium(VI)

Yang

et al. 2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Íons metálicos, como Fe, Mn, Co, Zn e Cu, são normalmente encontrados nos suplementos minerais para bovinos. O íon cromo vem sendo utilizado em dietas de ruminantes 33,34 , principalmente em situações de estresse (doenças, gestação e transporte), sendo também usado no curtimento mineral de couro [35][36][37] . Segundo dados do IBGE no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, no terceiro trimestre de 2006, foram curtidos ao cromo 1.068.654 couros, 11,22% da produção nacional 38 .…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Avaliação da concentração de alguns íons metálicos em diferentes espécies de líquens do cerrado Sul-Mato-Grossense

2007

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, Mn, Co, Cr, Zn and Cu were determinated using flame atomic absorption spectrometry in nine lichen species of the Sul-Mato-Grossense cerrado. The average metal ion concentrations varied in the following ranges: Fe, 248.41-1568.01; Mn, 98.50-397.33; Co, 10.08-24.81; Cr, 18.24-44.26; Zn, 14.62-34.79 and Cu, 3.23-7.57 mg kg -1 . Statistical analysis (Pearson and Cluster) applied to the metal ion concentrations indicated that the accumulation of these ions can be due to several anthropogenic sources including agricultural activities, mineral exploration, biomass burning, soil mineral composition and leather tanning processes by chromium.Keywords: lichens; heavy metals; multivariate statistics. INTRODUÇÃOLíquens são estruturas resultantes da simbiose entre um fungo e uma ou mais algas ou cianobactérias 1 . São encontrados nos mais variados ambientes desde o nível do mar até as montanhas mais altas, em desertos onde a temperatura é bastante variável e em regiões polares, com temperaturas extremamente baixas, porém, são relativamente raros em matas com baixa luminosidade 2 . Desenvolvem-se sobre os mais variados substratos, tais como, córtex de árvores, rochas ácidas ou alcalinas, folhas e outros. O desenvolvimento dos líquens sobre um dado substrato pode depender das características físicas, como rugosidade, porosidade, dureza, exposição à luz, pH, presença de partículas no ar, umidade, ventos e temperatura 3 . Os líquens dependem da nutrição mineral para seu crescimento e metabolismo, fornecida pela deposição de elementos por vias seca e úmida na forma de sais solúveis e partículas. Os espaços intercelulares do talo do líquen podem acumular e reter espécies químicas adsorvidas a partículas ou ligadas a sítios de troca iônica. Muitos elementos são acumulados em concentrações que excedem as necessidades metabólicas do líquen 4 . A maior parte das espécies de líquens apresenta crescimento lento e mantém uniformidade morfológica durante o ciclo de vida; sendo que muitas espécies têm ampla distribuição geográfica. Devido a isso os líquens são úteis como biomonitores em estudos de deposição atmosférica 5 . O biomonitoramento pode ser definido como um método experimental indireto de se verificar a existência de poluentes em uma dada região, utilizando-se de organismos vivos que respondem ao estresse causado pela poluição, apresentando modificações nos ciclos vitais ou acumulando os elementos poluentes 6-8 . Estudos que avaliam a acumulação de elementos aerotransportados direcionados a líquens a partir de uma fonte de poluição específica também são comuns [9][10][11][12] . Há também estudos focalizados na retenção, localização, liberação, tolerância e toxicidade de diferentes elementos [13][14][15][16] . A morfologia do líquen influencia na taxa de acumulação dos elementos provenientes da atmosfera 17 . Os líquens aqui estudados são de talos foliosos e fruticosos, que são bem distintos quanto à forma de crescimento. Líquens foliosos são dorsiventrais e possuem talos com superfície bem definida e são presos ao substrato em t...

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“…Chromium salts also have a high rate of penetration into the interfibrillar spaces of the skins. This results in a saving in terms of production time and a better control of the process (Basegio et al, 2002;Berry et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, chromium-tanned leather, consisting mainly of shavings and finished parts, is normally disposed on landfill sites (Ferreira et al, 2010;Yilmaz et al, 2007), especially in developing countries, because of its low investment and operational costs (Xiaoli, 2007). Therefore, solid wastes from tannery industry deposited on landfill sites require special attention because of the large amount produced, toxic and hazardous effects and legislative restrictions (Basegio et al, 2002;Berry et al, 2002;Trezza and Scian, 2007;Yilmaz et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the chromium bioavailability in tanned leather shavings using the SM&T sequential extractions scheme

Silva¹,

Pontes²,

Carneiro³

et al. 2011

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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Tanned leather shavings from Brazilian tanneries were analysed in order to assess the chromium extractability and bioavailability, and consequently its potential release into other environmental compartments when the shavings are deposited on landfill sites. The conventional SM&T (Standard, Measurement and Testing Programme) sequential extractions scheme was applied. Also, Cr(VI) and Cr(III) concentrations in the oxidizable fraction were determined. The results indicated high total chromium concentrations (1.04, 1.46 and 2.74%) in the samples A, B and C, respectively. A significant quantity of chromium (about 6 -11% of total chromium) was easily released in slightly acidic conditions (step 1). This fraction is the most labile, and therefore the most dangerous and bioavailable for the surrounding environment. Less chromium (1 -3% of total chromium) was released in reducing conditions (step 2), whereas about 0.5 -3% of total chromium was strongly associated to the leather shaving structure (residual fraction -step 4), and therefore, its release under environmental conditions would be unlikely. Most of chromium (about 83 -92% of the total chromium) was bound to the organic matter, as expected, since it was released in oxidizing condition (step 3). Part of chromium released in this fraction was also converted into Cr(VI), which is more labile and toxic than Cr(III). Considering the chromium concentrations, the sequentially extracted fractions may be ordered as follows: oxidizable4exchangeable4reducible4residual.

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Synthesis of chromium-containing pigments from chromium recovered from leather waste

Cited by 69 publications

References 8 publications

Synthesis of Chromium-Doped Malayaite Pigments from Wastewater Containing Low Chromium(VI)

Synthesis of Chromium-Doped Malayaite Pigments from Wastewater Containing Low Chromium(VI)

Avaliação da concentração de alguns íons metálicos em diferentes espécies de líquens do cerrado Sul-Mato-Grossense

Evaluation of the chromium bioavailability in tanned leather shavings using the SM&T sequential extractions scheme

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