Synthesis of cigarette filter-derived activated carbon using various activating agents for flexible capacitive supercapacitors

Wu, Yung‐Fu; Hsiao, Yu‐Cheng; Ou, Yu-Jun; Kubendhiran, Subbiramaniyan; Huang, Chen-Yi; Yougbaré, Sibidou; Lin, Lu‐Yin

doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.105379

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Considering that the crystal structure was initially disturbed by the participation of the plasticizer, the weak crystal structure was formed as a consequence of the carbonization intensification. All present planes that appear as a result of the carbonization of the r-CAcF sample and that are connected with the formation of carbon (Figure 3b) are characteristic of the carbonized CFs [56]. The thermal analysis measurements were performed in order to define the changes during the thermal decomposition of the precursor based on CAc (r-CAcF).…”

Section: Xrd Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upcycling of the Used Cigarette Butt Filters through Pyrolysis Process: Detailed Kinetic Mechanism with Bio-Char Characterization

Janković,

Kojić,

Milošević

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Thermo-chemical conversion via the pyrolysis of cigarette butt (CB) filters was successfully valorized and upcycled in the pre-carbonization and carbonization stages. The pre-carbonization stage (devolatilization) of the precursor material (cellulose acetate filter, r-CAcF) was analyzed by micro-scale experiments under non-isothermal conditions using TG-DTG-DTA and DSC techniques. The results of a detailed kinetic study showed that the decomposition of r-CAcF takes place via complex mechanisms, including consecutive reaction steps and two single-step reactions. Consecutive stages include the α-transition referred to as a cellulose polymorphic transformation (cellulose I → II) through crystallization mechanism changes, where a more thermodynamically ordered system was obtained. It was found that the transformation rate of cellulose I → II (‘cellulose regeneration’) is strongly affected by the presence of alkali metals and the deacetylation process. Two single-step reactions showed significant overlapping behavior, which involves a nucleation-controlled scission mechanism (producing levoglucosan, gaseous products, and abundant radicals) and hydrolytic decomposition of cellulose by catalytic cleavage of glycosidic bonds with the presence of an acidic catalyst. A macro-scale experiment showed that the operating temperature and heating rate had the most notable effects on the total surface area of the manufactured carbon. A substantial degree of mesoporosity with a median pore radius of 3.1695 nm was identified. The presence of macroporosity on the carbon surface and acidic surface functional groups was observed.

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Section: Xrd Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upcycling of the Used Cigarette Butt Filters through Pyrolysis Process: Detailed Kinetic Mechanism with Bio-Char Characterization

Janković,

Kojić,

Milošević

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…Eventually, the filter is composed of Y‐shaped long fibers having a diameter of ca . 20 micrometers and a length probably over several hundred micrometers (Figure S2c) [55,56] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 micrometers and a length probably over several hundred micrometers (Figure S2c). [55,56] The quantification of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen of the pristine material and the prepared electrocatalysts is depicted in Table S2, where the results are reported in wt %. At first glance, the electrocatalyst material presents a high amount of carbon compared to the raw material (ca.…”

Section: Morphological and Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming Cigarette Wastes into Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst: Does Each Component Behave Differently? An Experimental Evaluation

Zuccante,

Muhyuddin,

Ficca

et al. 2024

ChemElectroChem

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Trillion of cigarette butts are annually littered without being recycled. This work aims at valorizing the whole cigarette butts and their components (paper, filter and tobacco) into Fe‐Nx‐C electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acid and alkaline media. The pristine wastes were pyrolyzed at 450 °C, activated with KOH at 700 °C, blended with iron phthalocyanine (FePc) precursor, and heat‐treated at 600 °C to produce a robust Fe‐Nx‐C material with ORR active units. The effect of the cigarette components on the final electrocatalytic activity was evaluated by thoroughly investigating the surface chemistry with XPS. The electrocatalysts displayed similar results among the different components in both media due to comparable surface chemistry, especially concerning the nitrogen functional groups. The highest performance was obtained in alkaline where the electrocatalysts from whole cigarettes and paper (CIGF_450 and CIGPF_450) showed an E1/2 of 0.89 V vs RHE, slightly larger than that of Pt/C with 40 wt % of Pt, which encouraged to replace Pt‐based electrocatalysts in alkaline fuel cells.

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“…During the activation process, the carbon and KOH redox reaction form the high surface areas and the porous strucuture [22] . The KOH solution etching carbon material [23] is mainly shown in three aspects: opening previously closed pores, forming new pores, and enlarging the existing pores. Some processes of the three aspects play the main roles at the different temperuture.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Wet activation and electrochemical performance of the residual carbon from coal gasification fine slag

Han,

Zhu,

Liu

et al. 2023

Preprint

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It is difficult to utilize the large amount of gasification slag produced in the coal chemical industry, which is a major problem in solid waste resource utilization. The residual carbon from coal gasification fine slag (RC) was actived by KOH wet method. The activation temperature (110℃, 130℃, 150℃, 170℃) was tuned to regulate the pore structure of the RC and explore the effects on the electrochemical performance. When the active temperature was 150℃, the electrochemical performance of the as-actived RC-150 exhibited the best among the actived materials. The specific capacitance of RC-150 reached 109.0 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g. The energy density of the symmetric supercapacitor using RC-150 as active materials reached 3.78 Wh/Kg at a current density of 2 A/g. After 10 000 cycles, the capacitance was able to maintain 103.81% of the initial value, showing better cycle stability. The results could be attributed to the improvement of pore structure, the removal of oxide impurities and the modulation of graphitization degree during the activation process.

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Synthesis of cigarette filter-derived activated carbon using various activating agents for flexible capacitive supercapacitors

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Upcycling of the Used Cigarette Butt Filters through Pyrolysis Process: Detailed Kinetic Mechanism with Bio-Char Characterization

Upcycling of the Used Cigarette Butt Filters through Pyrolysis Process: Detailed Kinetic Mechanism with Bio-Char Characterization

Transforming Cigarette Wastes into Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst: Does Each Component Behave Differently? An Experimental Evaluation

Wet activation and electrochemical performance of the residual carbon from coal gasification fine slag

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