under relatively mild operating conditions, however, their high cost as well as limited availability restricts their practical application. As an alternative, Ni-and Cobased catalysts are active for CO 2 methanation, [8] although only at a temperature higher than 300 °C, which is unattractive in terms of catalyst stability and increased energy consumption. [9] For this reason, the rational design of a low-cost transition metal catalyst that exhibits high activity and selectivity for CO 2 methanation is highly sought after.Herein, we describe the rational design of cheap energy materials that convert CO 2 directly to methane at low temperature: the efficient Ni/3D draped porous Co 3 O 4 catalyst (denoted as Ni/3DDP-Co 3 O 4 ) for CO 2 methanation, which possesses a high surface area that is rich in surface defects. Catalytic Ni clusters and nanodeposits are uniformly dispersed across the surface of the 3DDP-Co 3 O 4 support. The strong electronic Ni-Co interaction induced by H 2 -reduction and invoked by electron transfer from the Ni to the 3DDP-Co 3 O 4 support (charge-compensating effect), encourages surface oxygen vacancy (V o ) formation, which contributes to the enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity (Scheme 1). To probe the role of Ni within the spinel, the same amount of Ni (12 wt%) was incorporated into the 3DDP-Co 3 O 4 lattice to generate a Ni 0.5 Co 2.5 O 4 (3DDP-NCO) spinel structure. The 3DDP-NCO exhibited poor CH 4 selectivity with a depressed reaction rate due to its lower V o presence. Moreover, the Ni-Co interaction was found to occur within the 3DDP-NCO catalyst during the actual Ni-Co spinel formation process as opposed to during the H 2 reduction step. The strong Ni-Co interaction induced during 3DDP-NCO formation restricts Ni and Co reduction, leading to a poor catalytic performance. In contrast, the Ni/3DDP-Co 3 O 4 , which possessed a richness in V o , good low-temperature reducibility, ideal Ni-Co interaction, and high surface area, provided an increased reaction rate and lower apparent activation energy in conjunction with a 100% CH 4 selectivity.Ni/3DDP-Co 3 O 4 catalysts with a hierarchical porosity were prepared using self-assembled monodisperse poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microspheres as a template. The 3DDP-Co 3 O 4 structure was obtained by infiltrating a Co nitrate precursor within the interstitial voids of the well-aligned PMMA microspheres, followed by thermal removal of the template. The Ni/3DDP-Co 3 O 4 was synthesized by wet impregnation of the 3DDP-Co 3 O 4 structure with a nickel nitrate solution The impasse always present regarding catalysts for energy conversion reactions is that noble metals with promising activity are limited by their high price and scarcity, whereas base metals with a lower price show moderate activity performance. Herein, a purely transition metal-based, Ni-promoted 3D draped porous Co 3 O 4 (Ni/3DDP-Co 3 O 4 ) catalyst is demonstrated to be highly effective for CO 2 methanation, achieving 100% CO 2 conversion and CH 4 selectivity at 250 °C a...