This work adopts a water-in-oil (w/o)
microemulsion method for
the in situ preparation of ultradispersed metallic nickel (Ni0) nanocatalyst in heavy oil and assesses its hydrocracking
activity. Catalyst preparation involved reducing Ni2+ added
to the water pools of the heavy oil matrix in the form of aqueous
Ni(NO3)2 solution using hydrazine. The volume
of the aqueous precursors was limited to values which corresponded
to visually stable single heavy oil phase. The product particles were
collected by addition of toluene and characterized using XRD, TEM,
and EDX. These techniques confirmed the formation of nickel nanoparticles
of 22 ± 5 nm mean diameter. The hydrocracking activity of the
as-prepared ultradispersed catalyst was evaluated using a semibatch
reactor setup under 110 bar of hydrogen and 370 °C. Although
no presulfiding was performed, XRD of the spent catalyst confirmed
the formation of Ni3S2 nanoparticles with a
mean particle size of the same range as the Ni0 particles.
Results showed 2-fold improvement in the gaseous fractions, around
47% conversion of the residue, more than 70% reduction in the resins,
around 50% reduction in the asphaltenes and an increase in aromatics
and saturates in the presence of the ultradispersed catalyst.