“…CeO 2 has a cubic fluorite structure, in which the Ce element has two oxidation states Ce 4+ and Ce 3+ . It is widely used in luminescent materials ( Huang et al, 2021 ) catalysts ( Zhu et al, 2019 ), electrode materials ( Xiao et al, 2018 ; Huang et al, 2019 ), and so on. For the purpose of further exploring the electrochemical application of CeO 2 , in this study, a simple hydrothermal route was used to in situ grow CeO 2 nanoparticles on the surface of carbon nanotubes.…”