Synthesis of composite Pd-porous stainless steel (PSS) membranes with a Pd/Ag intermetallic diffusion barrier

Ayturk, M. Engin; Mardilovich, Ivan P.; Engwall, E.; Hua, Yi

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2006.09.008

Cited by 72 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Porous metal supports are standard for the conventional Pd-based membranes (Ayturk et al, 2006). Consequently, these were the first supports that were tested for suitability.…”

Section: Porous Metal Supports Found To Be Unsuitablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, naked porous metal supports were found to be unsuitable for SMMMs. Thereupon, we tested the suitability of the porous metal supports by first oxidizing them at ~ 700 °C, to develop an oxide intermetallic diffusion barrier, which provides an adequate barrier 15 against Pd interdiffusion (Ayturk et al, 2006). However, this was ineffective in providing adequate protection against infiltration by liquid metals.…”

Section: Porous Metal Supports Found To Be Unsuitablementioning

confidence: 99%

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Supported Molten Metal Membranes for Hydrogen Separation

Datta¹,

Hua²,

Yen³

et al. 2013

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We describe here our results on the feasibility of a novel dense metal membrane for hydrogen separation: Supported Molten Metal Membrane, or SMMM. 1 The goal in this work was to develop these new membranes based on supporting thin films of low-melting, nonprecious group metals, e.g., tin (Sn), indium (In), gallium (Ga), or their alloys, to provide a flux and selectivity of hydrogen that rivals the conventional but substantially more expensive palladium (Pd) or Pd alloy membranes, which are susceptible to poisoning by the many species in the coal-derived syngas, and further possess inadequate stability and limited operating temperature range. The novelty of the technology presented numerous challenges during the course of this project, however, mainly in the selection of appropriate supports, and in the fabrication of a stable membrane. While the wetting instability of the SMMM remains an issue, we did develop an adequate understanding of the interaction between molten metal films with porous supports that we were able to find appropriate supports. Thus, our preliminary results indicate that the Ga/SiC SMMM at 550 ºC has a permeance that is an order of magnitude higher than that of Pd, and exceeds the 2015 DOE target.To make practical SMM membranes, however, further improving the stability of the molten metal membrane is the next goal. For this, it is important to better understand the change in molten metal surface tension and contact angle as a function of temperature and gas-phase composition. A thermodynamic theory was, thus, developed, 2 that is not only able to explain this change in the liquid-gas surface tension, but also the change in the solid-liquid surface tension as well as the contact angle. This fundamental understanding has allowed us to determine design characteristics to maintain stability in the face of changing gas composition. These designs are being developed. For further progress, it is also important to understand the nature of solution and permeation process in these molten metal membranes. For this, a comprehensive microkinetic model was developed for hydrogen permeation in dense metal membranes, and tested against data for Pd membrane over a broad range of temperatures.3 It is planned to obtain theoretical and experimental estimates of the parameters to corroborate the model against experimental results for SMMM.1 Datta, R., and Yen, P.-S., "Hydrogen Separation Membrane," Patent Application filed (2013). 2 Yen, P.-S., and Datta, R., "Butler-Sugimoto Monomolecular Bilayer Interface Model: The Effect of Oxygen on the Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal and its Wetting of a Ceramic," submitted to J. Colloid & Interf. Sci. (2014 References …………………………………………………………….…………………39 5 MotivationThe defining challenge of our time is to find a way to meet the growing need for energy of an increasingly populous and prosperous world without putting the planet in peril. The solution will undoubtedly involve a combination of energy sources. Nonetheless, hydrogen, whether from fossil or renewable r...

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“…Porous metal supports are standard for the conventional Pd-based membranes (Ayturk et al, 2006). Consequently, these were the first supports that were tested for suitability.…”

Section: Porous Metal Supports Found To Be Unsuitablementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Porous Metal Supports Found To Be Unsuitablementioning

confidence: 99%

Supported Molten Metal Membranes for Hydrogen Separation

Datta¹,

Hua²,

Yen³

et al. 2013

Self Cite

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“…Alloying of Pd and Ag layers on composite membranes has been studied before [5,6,10]. For example, Ayturk et al demonstrated that annealing of a 15.6 mm thick PdeAg bilayer takes longer than 500 h at 823 K [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On alloying and low-temperature stability of thin, supported PdAg membranes

Zeng

Goldbach

Shi

et al. 2012

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…In recent years Pd-Cu and Pd-Ag membranes on microporous stainless steel (MPSS) and ceramic supports have been fabricated by EP using sequential depositions of Pd and other metals with some variations of the deposition process [9,14,18,21,23,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. The major objective in these studies has been to improved membrane film performance in terms of H 2 -perm-selectivity and structural integrity under thermal cycling in long-term operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Pd/Pd-Alloy Films by Surfactant Induced Electroless Plating for Hydrogen Separation from Advanced Coal Gasification Processes

Ilias¹,

Kumar²

2012

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Dense Pd, Pd-Cu and Pd-Ag composite membranes on microporous stainless steel substrate (MPSS) were fabricated by a novel electroless plating (EP) process. In the conventional Pd-EP process, the oxidation-reduction reactions between Pd-complex and hydrazine result in an evolution of NH 3 and N 2 gas bubbles. When adhered to the substrate surface and in the pores, these gas bubbles hinder uniform Pd-film deposition which results in dendrite growth leading to poor film formation. This problem was addressed by introducing cationic surfactant in the electroless plating process known as surfactant induced electroless plating (SIEP). The unique features of this innovation provide control of Pd-deposition rate, and Pd-grain size distribution.The surfactant molecules play an important role in the EP process by tailoring grain size and the process of agglomeration by removing tiny gas bubbles through adsorption at the gas-liquid interface. As a result surfactant can tailor a nanocrystalline Pd, Cu and Ag deposition in the film resulting in reduced membrane film thickness. Also, it produces a uniform, agglomerated film structure. The Pd-Cu and Pd-Ag membranes on MPSS support were fabricated by sequential deposition using SIEP method. The pre-and post-annealing characterizations of these membranes (Pd, Pd-Cu and Pd-Ag on MPSS substrate) were carried out by SEM, EDX, XRD, and AFM studies. The SEM images show significant improvement of the membrane surface morphology, in terms of metal grain structures and grain agglomeration compared to the membranes fabricated by conventional EP process. The SEM images and helium gas-tightness studies indicate that dense and thinner films of Pd, Pd-Cu and Pd-Ag membranes can be produced with shorter deposition time using surfactant. H 2 Flux through the membranes fabricated by SIEP shows large improvement compared to those by CEP with comparable permselectivity.Pd-MPSS composite membrane was subjected to test for long term performance and thermal cycling (573 -723 -573 K) at 15 psi pressure drop for 1200 hours. Pd membranes showed excellent hydrogen permeability and thermal stability during the operational period.Under thermal cycling (573 K -873 K -573 K), Pd-Cu-MPSS membrane was stable and retained hydrogen permeation characteristics for over three months of operation. From this limited study, we conclude that SIEP is viable method for fabrication of defect-free, robust Pd-alloy membranes for high-temperature H 2 -separation applications.iv

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Synthesis of composite Pd-porous stainless steel (PSS) membranes with a Pd/Ag intermetallic diffusion barrier

Cited by 72 publications

References 8 publications

Supported Molten Metal Membranes for Hydrogen Separation

Supported Molten Metal Membranes for Hydrogen Separation

On alloying and low-temperature stability of thin, supported PdAg membranes

Fabrication of Pd/Pd-Alloy Films by Surfactant Induced Electroless Plating for Hydrogen Separation from Advanced Coal Gasification Processes

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