Synthesis of Conducting Polyelectrolyte Complexes of Polyaniline and Poly(2-acrylamido-3-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) Catalyzed by pH-Stable Palm Tree Peroxidase

Abstract

Comparison of the stability of five plant peroxidases (horseradish, royal palm tree leaf, soybean, and cationic and anionic peanut peroxidases) was carried out under acidic conditions favorable for synthesis of polyelectrolyte complexes of polyaniline (PANI). It demonstrates that palm tree peroxidase has the highest stability. Using this peroxidase as a catalyst, the enzymatic synthesis of polyelectrolyte complexes of PANI and poly(2-acrylamido-3-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) was developed. The template polymerization of aniline was carried out in aqueous buffer at pH 2.8. Varying the concentrations of aniline, PAMPS, and hydrogen peroxide as reagents, favorable conditions for production of PANI were determined. UV-vis-NIR absorption and EPR demonstrated that PAMPS and PANI formed the electroactive complex similar to PANI doped traditionally using low molecular weight sulfonic acids. The effect of pH on conformational variability of the complex was evaluated by UV-vis spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy showed that a size of the particles of the PANI-PAMPS complexes varied between 10 and 25 nm, depending on a concentration of PAMPS in the complex. The dc conductivity of the complexes depends also on the content of PAMPS, the higher conductivity being for the complexes containing the lower content of the polymeric template.

Detection of Nucleic Acids Using Enzyme‐Catalyzed Template‐Guided Deposition of Polyaniline

“…Fortunately, our experiments showed that no obvious dependence is observed in the entire concentration range from femto-to nanomolar, agreeing well with previous study on the effect of polyelectrolyte on the polymerization rate. [3] This is probably due to the fact that HRP only reacts with low molecular weight substrates. Constancy of the PANi deposition rate at various surface charge densities implies that the amount of the aniline involved in the polymerization and deposition is simply proportional to the amount of HRP at the biosensor surface and hence sample nucleic acid concentration.…”

“…This sole HRP-controlled process can be achieved by "speeding up" masstransport since deposition rate is fast enough that it never becomes a rate-limiting process, evidenced by the independence of PANi deposition rate on the amount of polyelectrolyte. [3] The mass-transport rate is directly proportional to the concentration of aniline. Higher mass-transport rates are obtainable when working with higher concentrations of aniline.…”

Thermal stability of peroxidase from Chamaerops excelsa palm tree at pH 3

“…resulting in their destruction, for instance, in lignin biodegradation [8]. Peroxidase has found an important application in the production of conducting polymers such as polyaniline [9,10]. Synthesis of polyaniline can occur in the presence of peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide as a reducing substrate, and sulfonated polystyrene and poly(vinyl-phosphonic acid) as polymeric templates at acidic (below 4) pH values [11].…”

Development and evaluation of kinetic spectrophotometric assays for horseradish Peroxidase by Catalytic Coupling of Paraphenylenediamine and mequinol

“…4 Commercially available peroxidase is widely employed for removal of phenols and amines from industrial waste water, bleaching of industrial dye stuff, lignin degradation, fuel and chemical production from wood pulp and in various organic syntheses. 5,6 The largest application of the peroxidase is in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as an enzyme label of immunological reagents. 7 It is also used in the detection of nucleic acids.…”