Synthesis of conjugated microporous polymer and its embedding in porous nanofibers for visible-light-driven photocatalysis with reusability

Lee, Su Hwan; Noh, Wonho; Huh, Tae‐Hwan; Kwark, Young‐Je; Lee, Taek Seung

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123060

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Templating-methods Hard templating [103] Facile to synthesize specific morphologies on the macroscale; Obtainable hierarchical porous structures Need to use sacrificial templates; Templates are difficult to remove; Scale-up production is restrained Soft templating [104] No demoulding is required; Easily processed into macroscales structure Formation conditions are hard to handle; Difficult to precisely control the structure…”

Section: Methodology Strengths Weaknessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical and chemical properties of such MPN films were thoroughly studied. Lee et al [104] applied porous polyacrylonitrile (P-PAN) as a robust supporting matrix for synthesizing CMP-BT films from the monomers 4,7-Dibromobenzo[c]-1,2,5-thiadiazole and 1,3,5-phenyltriboronic acid, with the tris(pinacol) ester embedded into P-PAN. Thereafter, electrospinning was applied to obtain CMP@P-PAN nanofiber films.…”

Section: Templating Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macroscale Conjugated Microporous Polymers: Controlling Versatile Functionalities Over Several Dimensions

et al. 2022

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covalently bonded organic moieties. Because of their unique properties derived from their tunable porous structures and the multiple functional groups, which can be included in their backbones, POPs have been actively investigated for multiple applications including gas storage/separation, [2,3] catalysis, [4][5][6] optoelectronics, [7,8] sensing, [9][10][11] energy storage, and conversion. [12,13] Aside from their high specific surface areas, they furthermore show excellent chemical stability, light-weight and a versatile chemistry for modification and functionalization. POPs can be further classified into two categories based on their crystallinity. Crystalline POPs are usually summarized under the name covalent organic frameworks [14][15][16] (COFs). Amorphous POPs are further divided, based on their structure or construction principles into hyper-crosslinked polymers [17,18] (HCPs), polymers of intrinsic microporosity [19,20] (PIMs), porous aromatic frameworks [21,22] (PAFs), and others. Recent research has seen increasing interest on amorphous POPs, especially when their skeleton is π-conjugated. In these highly porous networks, π-conjugation is superimposed with meso-/microporosities, i.e., electron transport in the polymer backbone is accompanied by mass transport in the porous system, which enable many intriguing properties and applications, e.g., in energy storage and conversion, [23,24] or optoelectronics. [25,26] As such, the importance of π-conjugation in porous polymer networks has defined another emerging functional POP class-the conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs). As mentioned, such CMPs [27] are a unique class of POPs exhibiting extended π-conjugated structures and permanent nanopores (Table S1). Earlier, McKeown et al. [28] discussed an important concept of preparing robust nanoporous materials by the covalent binding of planar molecules via a rigid spirocyclic linker. In 2007, Cooper et al. [29] reported a highly cross-linked, microporous poly(arylene ethynylene)s network, thus the first microporous polymer network with distinct π-conjugation and introduced the term "conjugated microporous polymer (CMP)" for this class of materials. Since their discovery, CMPs chemistry has intrigued scientists across the globe and been promoted rapidly, resulting in a strong growth in publications over the last decade. For instance, Thomas et al. [30] reported a spirobifluorene-type CMP with stable interface and application potential in organic light emitting diodes Since discovered in 2007, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been developed for numerous applications including gas adsorption, sensing, organic and photoredox catalysis, energy storage, etc. While featuring abundant micropores, the structural rigidity derived from CMPs' stable π-conjugated skeleton leads to insolubility and thus poor processability, which severely limits their applicability, e.g., in CMP-based devices. Hence, the development of CMPs whose structure can not only be controlled on the micro-but also on the macroscale have...

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Section: Methodology Strengths Weaknessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Templating Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscale Conjugated Microporous Polymers: Controlling Versatile Functionalities Over Several Dimensions

et al. 2022

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“…The AA/BB approach is of the utmost significance in altering the properties exhibited by pristine conjugated polymers through preparation of alternating donor-acceptor copolymers that are extensively applied in optoelectronic devices. For example, Lee et al [86] synthesized a benzothiadiazole-based conjugated copolymer by reacting 4,7-dibromobenzo[c]-1,2,5-thiadiazone with 1,3,5-phenyltriboronic acid in the presence of tetrakis(triphenyl phosphine) palladium (0) catalyst and potassium carbonate as base in dimethyl formamide (DMF). The authors investigated the catalytic properties of the benzothiadiazole copolymer and concluded that it can be applied in water treatment and organic synthesis reactions using sunlight as an energy injection source.…”

Section: Suzuki-miyaura Cross-coupling Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

π-Conjugated Polymers and Their Application in Organic and Hybrid Organic-Silicon Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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The evolution and emergence of organic solar cells and hybrid organic-silicon heterojunction solar cells have been deemed as promising sustainable future technologies, owing to the use of π-conjugated polymers. In this regard, the scope of this review article presents a comprehensive summary of the applications of π-conjugated polymers as hole transporting layers (HTLs) or emitters in both organic solar cells and organic-silicon hybrid heterojunction solar cells. The different techniques used to synthesize these polymers are discussed in detail, including their electronic band structure and doping mechanisms. The general architecture and principle of operating heterojunction solar cells is addressed. In both discussed solar cell types, incorporation of π-conjugated polymers as HTLs have seen a dramatic increase in efficiencies attained by these devices, owing to the high transmittance in the visible to near-infrared region, reduced carrier recombination, high conductivity, and high hole mobilities possessed by the p-type polymeric materials. However, these cells suffer from long-term stability due to photo-oxidation and parasitic absorptions at the anode interface that results in total degradation of the polymeric p-type materials. Although great progress has been seen in the incorporation of conjugated polymers in the various solar cell types, there is still a long way to go for cells incorporating polymeric materials to realize commercialization and large-scale industrial production due to the shortcomings in the stability of the polymers. This review therefore discusses the progress in using polymeric materials as HTLs in organic solar cells and hybrid organic-silicon heterojunction solar cells with the intention to provide insight on the quest of producing highly efficient but less expensive solar cells.

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“…Inorganic nanofibers, including spun ZnO nanofibers [11], in situ spun TiO 2 /CdS hybrid nanofibers [12], hydrothermally synthesized Bi@Bi 2 Sn 2 O 7 /TiO 2 plasmonic composite fibers [13], noble metal particle-containing carbon nanofibers [14], and SrTiO 3 @Mo 2 C core-shell nanofibers [15], are some of good examples. In addition, organic nanofibers [16][17][18][19] were also studied for the photocatalysis of decomposing dyes and waste organics. Nanofiber materials have the advantages of high absorptivity and enhanced photon sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of a Photosensitive Composite Carbon Fiber for Spilled Oil Cleaning

Gan¹,

Arjan²,

Yik³

2022

J. Compos. Sci.

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This paper deals with preparing a functional composite carbon fiber with a large surface area for spilled oil cleaning. The composite fiber consisted of photosensitive oxide particles and polymer-derived carbon. It was made by co-spinning the polymer and metallic compounds. After heat treatment at high temperatures, an activated carbon fiber containing oxide particles was obtained. The particles were found distributed in the fiber and at the surface of the fiber. The composite fiber was found sensitive to sunlight. Fiber mats made of the composite fiber possessed a high surface area for oil absorption and removal. Cobalt(II) titanate particles were obtained from the reaction of titanium dioxide and cobalt oxide. The reaction happened in situ through the hydrolysis of metallic compounds in the spun fiber. The titanium dioxide and cobalt(II) titanate particle-containing fibers demonstrated the photoactivity in the visible light spectrum. It was concluded that particle-containing composite carbon fiber mats can be prepared successfully by co-electrospinning. Due to the oleophilic property and the high active surface area, the composites are suitable for spilled oil cleaning through fast absorption.

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Synthesis of conjugated microporous polymer and its embedding in porous nanofibers for visible-light-driven photocatalysis with reusability

Cited by 15 publications

References 53 publications

Macroscale Conjugated Microporous Polymers: Controlling Versatile Functionalities Over Several Dimensions

Macroscale Conjugated Microporous Polymers: Controlling Versatile Functionalities Over Several Dimensions

π-Conjugated Polymers and Their Application in Organic and Hybrid Organic-Silicon Solar Cells

Preparation of a Photosensitive Composite Carbon Fiber for Spilled Oil Cleaning

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