Synthesis of crystalline covalent organic framework as stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography

Li, Qiaoyan; Li, Zhentao; Fu, Yuanyuan; Hu, Changjun; Chen, Zilin

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463070

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…After being modified by some materials, the EOF value of coated capillary must be different with that of bare capillary, which can indirectly judge the successful immobilization of stationary phase in the inner wall of capillary [2,23,32]. The EOF value will be affected by parameters impacting the electric double layer's thickness and buffer solution viscosity, including buffer concentration, pH, and the content of organic solvent.…”

Section: Electroosmotic Flow Of the Imine-based Covalent Organic Fram...mentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ growth of imine‐based covalent organic framework as stationary phase for open‐tubular capillary electrochromatographic separation

Niu,

Qi,

Sun

et al. 2024

J of Separation Science

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Designing advanced stationary phases to improve separation efficiency is essential in capillary electrochromatography. Due to their outstanding performance, covalent organic frameworks have recently demonstrated considerable promise in the field of separation science. Herein, an open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography method was reported using porous imine‐based covalent organic framework with sufficiently available interaction sites as stationary phase. The imine‐based covalent organic framework coated capillary was easily prepared via an in situ growth method at room temperature, and its separation performance was evaluated, indicating the high separation efficiency for three types of analytes, including herbicides, polybrominated dibenzofurans, and bisphenols. Moreover, the imine‐based covalent organic framework coated capillary showed good reproducibility and stability, with intraday (n = 3), interday (n = 3), and column‐to‐column (n = 3) relative standard deviations of retention time and peak areas of less than 5%. The separation efficiency of the coated capillary remained unchanged even after 200 runs and the maximum theoretical plates reached up to 85 595 N/m for 4,4′‐ethylidenebisphenol. It was predicted that the imine‐based covalent organic framework stationary phase would be a strong contender for chromatographic separation with high efficiency.

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Section: Electroosmotic Flow Of the Imine-based Covalent Organic Fram...mentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ growth of imine‐based covalent organic framework as stationary phase for open‐tubular capillary electrochromatographic separation

Niu,

Qi,

Sun

et al. 2024

J of Separation Science

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show abstract

“…55,56 The cornerstone of chromatographic techniques is the interaction between the stationary phase, mobile phase, and the molecules to be separated. COFs, a novel class of porous polymers, have emerged as promising stationary phases for gas chromatography (GC), 57 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 55,58 and capillary electrochromatography (CEC), 59 facilitating the separation of small molecules, biomacromolecules and certain enantiomers. 60 However, the application of COFs in chromatographic techniques is not without challenges.…”

Section: Chromatography Chromatography Is a Crucialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral Covalent Organic Frameworks as Promising Materials for Racemate Resolution

Wang,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Enantiomeric excess and purity play pivotal roles across various fields, foremost among them the pharmaceutical industry. Chiral resolution is a crucial technique, enabling the analysis of enantiomeric excess and the procurement of purified enantiomers. Despite their widespread utilization, chiral materials still encounter numerous challenges. Recently, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as emerging porous organic materials, stand out as promising platforms for various applications due to their high porosity, ordered crystallinity, and exceptional thermal and chemical stability. In particular, the chiral COFs (CCOFs) have emerged as promising candidates for racemate resolution. However, systematic reviews on chiral resolution utilizing CCOFs are scant, likely due to their nascent application. This review delves into the synthesis of CCOFs, summarizing three primary methods: direct synthesis, postsynthesis, and chiral induction. Additionally, it offers an insightful exploration of CCOFs' applications in racemate resolution. Lastly, this review highlights the current challenges and future prospects for their further development and utilization.

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“…Alternatively, the mesoporous MOFs with uniform mesoporous channels are another good option to improve the mass transfer performance and increase the quantity of accessible sites of MOFs. In contrast to HP-MOFs, the channel-type homomesoporous MOFs can be synthesized by a relatively facile ligand extension method, and their pore sizes were uniform and can be precisely tuned by changing the length of organic ligands. − On the other hand, other types of mesoporous nanomaterials, such as covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), have been developed as stationary phases for electrochromatographic separation. − However, compared with homomesoporous MOFs, the previously reported mesoporous stationary phases still have many shortcomings, such as sophisticated preparation processes, low crystallinity, limited structural tunability, and poor functional versatility. Despite their great application prospects, there are currently no reports on the potential application of homomesoporous MOFs as a high-performance stationary phase for highly selective chromatographic separation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homomesoporous Metal–Organic Framework for High-Performance Electrochromatographic Separation

et al. 2022

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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have exhibited tremendous potential in the area of separation science. However, most of the developed MOF-based stationary phases contained only microporous structures and suffer from limited separation performance. Herein, homomesoporous MOFs with excellent mass transfer capability and strong thermodynamic interactions are first explored as the novel stationary phase for high-performance capillary electrochromatographic separations. As a proof of concept, noninterpenetrated mesoMOF-1 with uniform mesopore sizes (22.5 × 26.1 Å) and good stability was facilely grown on the inner surface of capillaries and applied as a homomesoporous MOF coating-based stationary phase for high-efficiency electrochromatographic separation. Seven types of analytes with different molecular dimensions were all baseline separated on a mesoMOF-1 coated column with high theoretical plate numbers and excellent repeatability, exhibiting significantly improved separation selectivity and column efficiency in comparison to a microporous HKUST-1 coated column. The maximum column efficiencies of the mesoMOF-1 coated column for substituted benzenes and halobenzenes reached up to 1.4 × 105 plates/m, and its mass loadability was also much higher than that of the HKUST-1 coated column. In addition, based on the analysis of adsorption kinetics and chromatographic retention behaviors, the interaction and retention mechanisms of different molecular-weight analytes on mesoMOF-1 coated stationary phases were systematically explored and disclosed in detail. These results indicate that the homomesoporous MOF-based stationary phase can effectively balance the kinetic diffusion (mass transfer capability) and thermodynamic interactions (the strength of adsorption interaction), having great potential for high-performance chromatographic separation.

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Synthesis of crystalline covalent organic framework as stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

In situ growth of imine‐based covalent organic framework as stationary phase for open‐tubular capillary electrochromatographic separation

In situ growth of imine‐based covalent organic framework as stationary phase for open‐tubular capillary electrochromatographic separation

Chiral Covalent Organic Frameworks as Promising Materials for Racemate Resolution

Homomesoporous Metal–Organic Framework for High-Performance Electrochromatographic Separation

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