Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide by Using Organocatalysts

Abstract

The synthesis of cyclic carbonates through coupling of carbon dioxide with epoxides is 100 % atom economical and is already performed on an industrial scale. Its impact regarding the use of carbon dioxide as a renewable carbon source is expected to grow significantly in the near future, so that the development of efficient catalysts is of high interest in academia and industry. To improve the carbon footprint and sustainability of the cycloaddition reaction, the use of organocatalytic methods is a promising approach. Herein, available metal-free catalysts for the preparation of cyclic carbonates are described and elaborated concerning the overall sustainability of the process. Therefore, the required reaction conditions, as well as the activity of the catalysts and their reusability, are compared and evaluated. In addition to ammonium-, phosphonium-, or imidazolium-based single-component catalysts and their supported analogues, the growing field of research concerning dual catalysts are also discussed in detail.

Copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides mediated by zinc organyls

“…Over the past two decades signicant efforts have been made in industry and academia to develop efficient catalysts for the selective formation of either cyclic carbonates [9][10][11][12] or polycarbonates from epoxides and CO 2 .…”

Catalytic performance of imidazolium based ILs in the reaction of 1,2-epoxyoctane and carbon dioxide: Kinetic study

“…[7,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. However, scarcity of effective functional groups, method of functionalization, low reaction rate, difficulties in recovery of catalyst and product from the reaction mixture, etc.…”

An Efficient and Versatile Lanthanum Heteroscorpionate Catalyst for Carbon Dioxide Fixation into Cyclic Carbonates

“…[1e] Hence, catalysis is crucial for the use of CO 2 as av iable feedstock, because the kinetic barriero ft he reactionw ould be reduced. [1,2] One of the most important processes that uses CO 2 is the production of cyclic carbonates [3] or poly-carbonates [4] from epoxides andc arbon dioxide, ast hese processesh ave 100 %a tom-economy and are highly exothermic (Scheme 1). [1,2] One of the most important processes that uses CO 2 is the production of cyclic carbonates [3] or poly-carbonates [4] from epoxides andc arbon dioxide, ast hese processesh ave 100 %a tom-economy and are highly exothermic (Scheme 1).…”