Synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2

Chitosan as a Natural Polymer for Heterogeneous Catalysts Support: A Short Review on Its Applications

“…NaOH, isopropanol, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride were used to prepare the quaternary ammonium salts by covalently bonding on chitosan, after magnetization. The results showed that the catalysts' performance strongly depended on the leaving ability and nucleophilicity of the anions on the chitosan-supported catalysts [49]. The as-prepared catalyst could be recovered and reused for at least five times without loss of its catalytic activity.…”

“…In particular, conversion of CO2 into carbonates was of remarkable interest for reducing carbon emissions as well as reusing it as alternative resources (e.g., solvents) [32,49]. Quaternary ammonium salts, such as Bu4NBr, Et4NBr, are currently in use for industrial preparation of cyclic carbonates [50], and therefore have attracted much scientific attention in the development of heterogeneous catalysts for these applications.…”

Lewis Base Catalytic Properties of [Nb10O28]6− for CO2 Fixation to Epoxide: Kinetic and Theoretical Studies

“…CO 2 fixation [16][17][18][19][20] that utilizes chemically inert CO 2 as aC 1 source has attracted attention as ak ey reactionf or realization of as ustainable society.I th as been proposed that CO 2 can be activated on the Lewis base site of am etal-oxide catalyst. [22][23][24][25] Motivated by these reports,w et ested the Lewis base catalysis of [Nb 10 O 28 ] 6À for CO 2 fixation to styrene oxide as ar epresentative epoxide.…”

Aluminium coordination complexes in copolymerization reactions of carbon dioxide and epoxides

“…For reactions yielding cyclic carbonates, readers are advised to read a recent review of that field. 33 …”