Synthesis of Diesel-Like Soots. Influence of the Operative Parameters on the Chemico-Physical and Morphological Characteristics

Rausa, R.; Carati, Claudio; Vanelli, M.; Ponti, G.

doi:10.4271/982664

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…There may be some structural differences between soot from the used lubricant and exhaust soot, with the exhaust soot possibly showing a higher degree of crystallinity [39]. Elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) shows that typical soots recovered from used diesel engine oils contain, in addition to carbon, significant levels of H, N, O and S with lower levels of lubricant additive derived species such as Ca, Zn and P [40]. XPS measurements showed the soots to have a significant degree of surface oxidation, and a lower graphitic content than comparative carbon black specimens [40].…”

Section: Surface Chemistry Of Soot/additive Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) shows that typical soots recovered from used diesel engine oils contain, in addition to carbon, significant levels of H, N, O and S with lower levels of lubricant additive derived species such as Ca, Zn and P [40]. XPS measurements showed the soots to have a significant degree of surface oxidation, and a lower graphitic content than comparative carbon black specimens [40]. Analysis of diesel exhaust particles by electron probe microanalysis and ICP-AES showed the presence of a wide range of elements including C, O, Na, Mg, K, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cr, Mo, Ba and Sr [37].…”

Section: Surface Chemistry Of Soot/additive Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the difficulty associated with obtaining sufficient volumes of well characterized soot for research purposes, several attempts have been made to synthesize suitable model soots [40,41]. Most popular have been thermal treatments and/or oxidation of carbon-black/oil mixtures to mimic the effects that occur during engine operation.…”

Section: Surface Chemistry Of Soot/additive Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface analytical science and automotive lubrication

Smith

2000

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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This paper discusses the role surface analytical science has played in understanding the complex phenomena occurring during lubrication of modern internal combustion engines. The interactions between the multi-functional lubricant additives and the various metallic surfaces present in the tribological contacts are complex and lead to the formation of inhomogenous multi-layer protective surface films. Surface analysis by ultra-high vacuum (UHV) techniques such as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry has allowed model structures for these films to be derived through which the behaviour of the contact can be understood. Non-UHV probes have elucidated the role played by the soluble, partly reacted or degraded film precursors that occupy the interfacial region between the solid surface and the liquid lubricant, and have allowed the mechanical properties of the films to be investigated on a micro- and nano-scale. The use of surface analytical techniques to study interactions between lubricant species and combustion soot is also discussed.

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Section: Surface Chemistry Of Soot/additive Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surface Chemistry Of Soot/additive Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surface Chemistry Of Soot/additive Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface analytical science and automotive lubrication

Smith

2000

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…In the past, both raw and modified CB have been studied, and their characteristics have been evaluated via spectroscopic, morphological, and tribological techniques. − Various empirical methods based on CB particulates used to evaluate the dispersing properties of engine lubricants as well as methods to study other phenomenology related to soot (e.g., wear) are reported in the literature. − Nevertheless, because of the low availability and high variability of actual soot, the assessment of the possibilities offered by carbon blacks as a soot surrogate is fundamental. Particularly, it is essential to verify that commercial carbon blacks and actual soot (obtained from a standard engine test) possess similar morphology and composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Characterization of Some Commercial Carbon Blacks and Diesel Engine Soot

et al. 2016

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This paper reports on a detailed physical–chemical characterization of different carbonaceous particulates (commercial carbon blacks and diesel engine-derived soot) by using a combination of several techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), absorption isotherms, infrared spectroscopy, and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), to provide information on the chemical composition and structure at the micro- and nanoscale level. SEM micrographs indicate an almost spherical primary unit for all investigated samples with a diameter ranging from 5 to 100 nm. On the other hand, SAXS allows extracting the fractal dimension of both the primary units and the aggregates. All these results, taken together, can be used as a reference point to define an appropriate and rather cheap commercial surrogate for engine-derived soot and, alternatively, to choose the better carbon black according to the final industrial application.

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Aggregation of carbon black particles in oil in the presence of olefinic copolymers and an ashless dispersant

Bezot¹,

Hesse-Bezot²,

Diraison³

2001

Lubrication Science

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The simultaneous action of olefin copolymers (with (DOCP) or without (OCP) a dispersant function) and an ashless dispersant, polyisobutylene (PIB) succinimide, on the aggregation kinetics of carbon black (CB) suspensions, chosen to model sootladen oils, has been studied. It was observed that OCP or DOCP alone does not stabilise the suspensions, whereas the presence of PIB succinimide alone stops aggregation after one hour, during which, however, a slight increase in the mean size of the aggregates is noticeable. The addition of OCP or DOCP to PIB succinimide does not modify the long‐term stabilisation of the suspension, but avoids the slight increase in the mean size of the aggregates observed during the first hour after the addition of PIB succinimide.

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Synthesis of Diesel-Like Soots. Influence of the Operative Parameters on the Chemico-Physical and Morphological Characteristics

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Surface analytical science and automotive lubrication

Surface analytical science and automotive lubrication

Multiscale Characterization of Some Commercial Carbon Blacks and Diesel Engine Soot

Aggregation of carbon black particles in oil in the presence of olefinic copolymers and an ashless dispersant

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