Synthesis of Difference Patterns for 3-D Conformal Beam-Scanning Arrays With Asymmetric Radiation Aperture

Applicability Extension and Calculation Acceleration of Pattern-Multiplication Principle in Far-Field Analysis of Conformal Arrays

“…where N A denotes the number of discrete sampling points of the element patterns. The calculated results of (22) are drawn in Fig. 3(d).…”

“…The projected position and pattern of each element can be obtained by the Euler rotation. In [22], this solution is successfully employed to evaluate the far-field polarization pattern of a 3-D conformal array. Similar to the FFCTT, it also relies on the availability of predicted radiation patterns for the elements.…”

On Difference Pattern Synthesis for Spherical Sensor Arrays

“…Spherical sensor arrays have been extensively investigated within the phased array antenna and the acoustic array community for several decades, spanning a diverse range of applications. These applications cover super-resolution direction finding [1][2][3], source localization [4,5], mobile communications, satellite communications [6][7][8], radar [9,10], and numerous others [11]. When dealing with targets distributed in a broad area of threedimensional space, a spherical sensor array emerges as the optimal choice due to its superior performance and the deployment efficiency of sensors.…”

“…Various techniques, such as Genetic algorithms [20], particle swarm optimization [21], convex optimization [22,23], and adaptive array theory [24] have been explored for conformal-array sum-pattern synthesis. Simultaneously, iterative least-squares [25], convex optimization [9,26], and modified differential evolution algorithms [27] have been examined for conformal-array difference-pattern synthesis. In general, numerical synthesis methods do not guarantee optimal results and often involve substantial computational complexity, given that the optimization problem is typically solved iteratively.…”

Applicability Extension and Calculation Acceleration of Pattern-Multiplication Principle in Far-Field Analysis of Conformal Arrays

“…To achieve the fast far-field computation of conformal arrays, Euler rotation techniques have been introduced to eliminate the element anisotropy. In the literature, the existing Euler rotation-based methods, aimed at reducing computational complexity, include the far-field coordinate transformation technique (FFCTT) [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], the pattern-angle indexing technique (PAIT) [19], [20], and the joint multidimensional vector clustering technique [21], [22]. Besides, MC effects can also be considered by integrating the AEPs of small subarrays into the above solutions [23].…”