Synthesis of Discrete and Dispersible Hollow Carbon Nanospheres with High Uniformity by Using Confined Nanospace Pyrolysis

Abstract

Many spheres of influence: Surface coating of monodisperse polystyrene (PS) nanosphere seeds with a phenol‐containing polymer (PF) and then silica forms a dual core–shell structure PS@PF@SiO2 (see picture). Subsequent pyrolysis results in discrete, dispersible, and uniform hollow carbon nanospheres (HCSs). The outer silica shell serves as a nanoreactor and thus prevents the polymer and carbon layers from conglutination and sintering.

Seeded Synthesis of Monodisperse Core–Shell and Hollow Carbon Spheres

“…[ 13,14 ] Lately, HTC has been gaining ground because of the mild synthesis conditions required, giving high-purity products and its potential usage to produce hybrid materials including multifunctional core-shell, [ 15 ] hollow-shell, [ 16 ] or hard structure spheres. [ 10 ] Due to their facile removal, silica or polymeric spheres [ 17,18 ] (mainly PS) have been used as hard templates to fabricate hollow CSs. [ 13 ] The formation mechanism of carbon nanospheres by homogeneous nucleation and growth reaction, studied by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) has been previously proposed.…”

Synthesis of sandwich-like TiO2@C composite hollow spheres with high rate capability and stability for lithium-ion batteries

“…From the broken carbon layers in TiO 2 -HS@C (Fig. S4), we can figure out that the carbon shells show porous structures, which may lead to the increase in BET surface area and the transformation of the type of hysteresis from H3 to H4 [34]. These small pore canals will provide effective diffusion channels for Li þ in the charge/discharge process, which may be helpful for improving the diffusion of Li þ .…”

Preparation of Micro-/Macroporous Carbons and Their Gas Sorption Properties

“…5 Meanwhile, several efficient methods for the preparation of hollow carbon capsular materials have been disclosed. [6][7][8][9] Since the first pioneering work by Hyeon and coworkers, 6 Fuertes et al recently developed a single-step synthetic method of size-tunable hollow carbon capsules based on the Stöber method. 7,8 Lu et al also reported dispersible hollow carbon capsules through a so-called confined nanospace pyrolysis method.…”

“…7,8 Lu et al also reported dispersible hollow carbon capsules through a so-called confined nanospace pyrolysis method. 9 Despite these successful reports on the preparation of hollow carbon capsular materials, none of the hollow carbon materials produced via these methods has porosity on their carbon shells except the one reported by Hyeon and coworkers. 6 Once the shell has good porosity, the hollow capsular structure would be more favorable for a wide range of advanced applications.…”