Synthesis of ditrimethylolpropane acrylate with low functionality for UV-curable coatings

Jiang, Wei; Jin, Fan‐Long; Park, Soo‐Jin

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2012.02.019

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The absorption peak at 3340 cm À1 has decreased in intensity, indicating a reduction in the number of hydroxyl groups after the second step reaction. The IR band at 912 cm À1 shows the presence of the epoxide functionality [12,13]. The cure behavior and thermal stability of epoxy resins were investigated using DSC and TGA, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and thermal properties of urethane-containing epoxy resin

Jin

Liu

Yang

et al. 2015

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and thermal properties of urethane-containing epoxy resin

Jin

Liu

Yang

et al. 2015

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry

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“…Elevated temperatures and the presence of a Brønsted acidic catalyst are also necessary to increase the reaction rate. Homogeneous catalysts, including sulfuric acid [ 18 , 19 ], hydrochloric acid [ 20 ], or p -toluenesulfonic acid [ 21 ], have been employed in the esterification of acrylic acid. However, they suffer from several drawbacks, such as necessitating corrosion-resistant equipment, challenges in catalyst–product separation, the use of hazardous solvents (e.g., toluene), propensity for side polymerization reactions, generation of acidic waste, and inherent risks associated with handling highly corrosive substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Brønsted Catalysis in the Solvent-Free and Multigram-Scale Synthesis of Polyalcohol Acrylates: The Case Study of Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate

Melchiorre,

Cucciolito,

Esposito

et al. 2024

Molecules

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This article presents a thorough investigation into the synthesis of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) via the esterification reaction of trimethylolpropane (TMP) with acrylic acid using Amberlite™ 120 IR (H+), Amberlyst® 15, and Dowex™ 50WX8 resins as heterogeneous catalysts. Preliminary comparative tests explored the impact of air flow on water removal during the reaction and different acid-to-alcohol molar ratios (3:1, 6:1, or 9:1 mol:mol). The findings revealed that introducing air significantly enhances TMPTA yield and -OH group conversion, particularly at a 6:1 acid-to-alcohol molar ratio. Based on cost considerations, Amberlite™ 120 IR (H+) was selected as the preferred catalyst for further optimization. This included evaluating the effect of catalyst loading (10%, 5.0%, and 2.5% w/wtot) and assessing the impact of a pre-drying process on resin efficiency. The study concluded that optimal conditions did not necessitate drying, requiring 120 °C, a catalyst loading of 10% w/wtot, a 4 h reaction time, an acid:alcohol ratio of 6:1 mol:mol, the presence of MEHQ (0.1% mol/molAA), and air bubbling at 6 ± 1 Nl/h. Catalyst recycling was effectively implemented with a slight reduction in catalytic activity over consecutive runs. Furthermore, the study explored a scaled-up system with a mechanical stirrer, demonstrating the potential for multi-hundred grams scale-up. Considerations for optimizing the air flow stripping system are also highlighted. In summary, this study provides valuable insights into designing and optimizing the esterification process for TMPTA synthesis, laying the foundation for potential industrial applications.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] TMPTA is usually obtained by the direct esterification of acrylic acid and trimethylolpropane (TMP) or transesterification of methyl acrylate and TMP using acid catalysts, such as sulfuric acid, HF, methylsulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, etc. [10][11][12] Although these mineral liquid acids are efficient catalysts, homogeneous catalysis often caused difficult catalyst separation, equipment corrosion and environmental pollution. [13][14][15][16][17] Solid acids, including resins, zeolites, heteropoly acids, and supported mineral acids, which have been successfully used in many esterification reactions, are non-corrosive materials and benign to the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%