“…These dimensional properties of the self-organized TiO 2 nanotubular film, shown in Fig. 1, and the morphologies of the anodic titania layers are strongly dependent on the anodizing conditions [8,9], i.e., applied potentials, electrolyte, and temperature. In order to investigate the effects of annealing on the crystal structure, the anodic titania nanotube film was annealed at 5501C for 1 h and the crystalline structure was examined.…”